| 1. |
- Berglund, Linnea Hergot, et al.
(author)
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Testosterone levels and psychological health status in men from a general population : the Troms circle divide o study
- 2011
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In: The Aging Male. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1368-5538 .- 1473-0790. ; 14:1, s. 37-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methods. aEuro integral Total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were analysed and free testosterone levels was calculated in 3413 men participating in the fifth Troms circle divide o study in 2001. Self-administered questionnaires including information about education, marital status, smoking habits and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (SCL-10, a 10-item psychological health questionnaire) were completed. The cross-sectional data were analysed with partial association and analysis of variance and covariance. Results. aEuro integral The complete SCL-10 was not associated with total or free testosterone, but symptoms of anxiety were negatively associated with both total and free testosterone (p < 0.05). Men presumed to be testosterone deficient, with testosterone levels in the lowest 10th percentile, had increased SCL-10 score compared to men with higher testosterone levels (p == 0.021), before and after adjusting for age, waist circumference, marital status, education and smoking. There was an even stronger association between men presumed to be testosterone deficient and symptoms of anxiety (p < 0.001). However, men with more pronounced symptoms indicating mental disorder did not have lower testosterone levels. Conclusions. aEuro integral Men presumed being testosterone deficient had a higher symptom score, in particularly regarding anxiety, but they did not have pathological symptoms. Thus, lower testosterone levels was only associated with subthreshold symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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| 2. |
- Linnér, Carl, et al.
(author)
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Estrogen receptor alpha single nucleotide polymorphism as predictor of diabetes type 2 risk in hypogonadal men.
- 2013
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In: The Aging Male. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0790 .- 1368-5538. ; 16:2, s. 52-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Estradiol (E2) is, apart from its role as a reproductive hormone, also important for cardiac function and bone maturation in both genders. It has also been shown to play a role in insulin production, energy expenditure and in inducing lipolysis. The aim of the study was to investigate if low circulating testosterone or E2 levels in combination with variants in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) genes were of importance for the risk of type-2 diabetes. The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2207396 and rs1256049, in ESR1 and ESR2, respectively, were analysed by allele specific PCR in 172 elderly men from the population-based Tromsø study. The results were adjusted for age. In individuals with low total (≤11 nmol/L) or free testosterone (≤0.18 nmol/L) being carriers of the variant A-allele in ESR1 was associated with 7.3 and 15.9 times, respectively, increased odds ratio of being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 (p = 0.025 and p = 0.018, respectively). Lower concentrations of E2 did not seem to increase the risk of being diagnosed with diabetes. In conclusion, in hypogonadal men, the rs2207396 variant in ESR1 predicts the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Skjaerpe, Paal, et al.
(author)
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Androgen receptor gene polymorphism and the metabolic syndrome in 60-80 years old Norwegian men
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 33:3, s. 500-506
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The metabolic syndrome (MS) includes a clustering of metabolic derangements. Low testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with both components of MS and MS per se. As most androgen-related effects are mediated thorough the androgen receptor (AR), we wanted to investigate to which degree the AR CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms might be related to MS. Sixty-eight men, 60-80 years old, with subnormal total testosterone levels (< 11.0 nmol/L) and 104 men with normal levels (> 11.0 nmol/L), participating in a nested case-control study were investigated in this study. Body weight, height, waist circumferences and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were drawn and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the AR gene were determined by direct sequencing of leucocyte DNA. Men with MS had lower CAG repeat number than healthy men (p = 0.007). There were, however, no difference in CAG or GGN repeats length between the groups with subnormal or normal testosterone concentrations. In cross-sectional analyses, men with CAG repeat lengths < 21 had significantly higher fasting glucose, C-peptide and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (all p < 0.05). In multiple regression analyses, CAG repeat length was an inverse and independent predictor of glucose after an OGTT and of HbA1c levels. We also found that men with more than one component of MS had shorter CAG repeat number (p for trend 0.013) than those with only one component. In conclusion, there were no associations with GGN repeat length, while short CAG repeat length seems to be associated with increased risk of MS.
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