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- Kallio, Kai J., et al.
(author)
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Ageing properties of polyamide-12 pipes exposed to fuels with and without ethanol
- 2008
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In: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 93:10, s. 1846-1854
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The chemical and physical properties of polyamide-12 (PA12) fuel pipes/lines, aged for <= 2400 h at 110 degrees C, have been investigated. The pipes, containing fuel with or without ethanol, were either of a single PA12 layer, or of two PA12 layers surrounding a poly(vinylidene fluoride) barrier layer. The molar mass of the inner surface region obtained by size-exclusion chromatography was reduced during ageing. and optical microscopy revealed a surface that was partly dissolved in the presence of ethanol. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a rapid loss of plasticiser, especially in the presence of ethanol, and the fuel contained plasticiser and other polymer related components. Immersion tests at 60 degrees C showed that the swelling of the pipe and the amount of dissolved material were greatest for the fuels with intermediate ethanol content (50 vol.%). Aged samples experienced an increase in melting point, presumably, to a large extent, due to the loss of plasticiser and/or PA12-related components. In addition, for several samples, the crystallinity seemed to increase with ageing. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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