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1.	Bartlett, D. J., et al. (author) Constraints on quantum gravity and the photon mass from gamma ray bursts 2021 In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 104:10 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Lorentz invariance violation in quantum gravity (QG) models or a nonzero photon mass, mγ, would lead to an energy-dependent propagation speed for photons, such that photons of different energies from a distant source would arrive at different times, even if they were emitted simultaneously. By developing source-by-source, Monte Carlo-based forward models for such time delays from gamma ray bursts, and marginalizing over empirical noise models describing other contributions to the time delay, we derive constraints on mγ and the QG length scale, ℓQG, using spectral lag data from the BATSE satellite. We find mγ<4.0×10−5 h eV/c2 and ℓQG<5.3×10−18 h GeV−1 at 95% confidence, and demonstrate that these constraints are robust to the choice of noise model. The QG constraint is among the tightest from studies which consider multiple gamma ray bursts and the constraint on mγ, although weaker than from using radio data, provides an independent constraint which is less sensitive to the effects of dispersion by electrons.

Bartlett, D. J., et al. (author)
Constraints on quantum gravity and the photon mass from gamma ray bursts
2021
In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 104:10
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lorentz invariance violation in quantum gravity (QG) models or a nonzero photon mass, mγ, would lead to an energy-dependent propagation speed for photons, such that photons of different energies from a distant source would arrive at different times, even if they were emitted simultaneously. By developing source-by-source, Monte Carlo-based forward models for such time delays from gamma ray bursts, and marginalizing over empirical noise models describing other contributions to the time delay, we derive constraints on mγ and the QG length scale, ℓQG, using spectral lag data from the BATSE satellite. We find mγ<4.0×10−5 h eV/c2 and ℓQG<5.3×10−18 h GeV−1 at 95% confidence, and demonstrate that these constraints are robust to the choice of noise model. The QG constraint is among the tightest from studies which consider multiple gamma ray bursts and the constraint on mγ, although weaker than from using radio data, provides an independent constraint which is less sensitive to the effects of dispersion by electrons.

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