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Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Berg, Anders, 1983, et al. (author) X-Band Interferometric SAR Observations of Baltic Fast Ice 2015 In: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. - 0196-2892 .- 1558-0644. ; 53:3, s. 1248-1256 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Detailed mapping of fast-ice deformation can be used to characterize the rheological behavior of fast ice and subsequently improve sea ice modeling. This study uses interferometric synthetic aperture radar to map fast-ice deformation with unprecedented spatial resolution (meter range) and sensitivity (cm-mm range). Two interferometric acquisitions, each with a temporal baseline of 24 h, were performed by the X-band SAR satellite constellation Cosmo-SkyMed over the northeast Bay of Bothnia in the middle of the 2012 ice season. The first interferogram shows deformation of the fast ice due to force from impinging drift ice, and the normal strain within the fast ice is measured. Complementary intensity correlation measurements reveal a slow movement of the drift ice toward the fast ice. The second interferogram exhibits a low fringe rate over the fast ice with fringes being aligned along the coastline. Deformation appears to be stronger around leads, skerries, and grounded ice ridges. It is also observed that the coherence images provide information that is complementary to the information in the backscatter images.

Berg, Anders, 1983, et al. (author)
X-Band Interferometric SAR Observations of Baltic Fast Ice
2015
In: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. - 0196-2892 .- 1558-0644. ; 53:3, s. 1248-1256
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detailed mapping of fast-ice deformation can be used to characterize the rheological behavior of fast ice and subsequently improve sea ice modeling. This study uses interferometric synthetic aperture radar to map fast-ice deformation with unprecedented spatial resolution (meter range) and sensitivity (cm-mm range). Two interferometric acquisitions, each with a temporal baseline of 24 h, were performed by the X-band SAR satellite constellation Cosmo-SkyMed over the northeast Bay of Bothnia in the middle of the 2012 ice season. The first interferogram shows deformation of the fast ice due to force from impinging drift ice, and the normal strain within the fast ice is measured. Complementary intensity correlation measurements reveal a slow movement of the drift ice toward the fast ice. The second interferogram exhibits a low fringe rate over the fast ice with fringes being aligned along the coastline. Deformation appears to be stronger around leads, skerries, and grounded ice ridges. It is also observed that the coherence images provide information that is complementary to the information in the backscatter images.

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