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1.	Liu, Qiang, et al. (author) Effect of cooling rate and Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties in as-cast condition of hypereutectic high chromium cast irons 2012 In: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 52:12, s. 2210-2219 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The effect of cooling rate and Ti additions on the mechanical properties and carbides characteristics such as morphology, size distribution and composition was studied in high-chromium cast irons containing Fe-17 mass%Cr-4 mass%C. Based on the size distribution, composition and morphology, M 7C3 type carbides were roughly classified into "primary M7C3 carbides" and "eutectic M7C3 carbides" with a 11.2μ m border size. Thereafter, the change of the solidification structure and especially the refinement of carbides size were determined. It was found that both the size and number values should be summarized systematically for primary M 7C3 carbides and eutectic M7C3 carbides, respectively. Also, TiC carbides with a high formation temperature can not only act as a nuclei of M7C3 carbides, but they also contain a Ti(C, N) core. In the as-cast condition, the bulk hardness of the cast irons increases with an increased Ti content. In addition, the wear loss increases with an increased Ti content. Neither the bulk hardness nor the wear loss did change too much with an increased cooling rate.

Liu, Qiang, et al. (author)
Effect of cooling rate and Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties in as-cast condition of hypereutectic high chromium cast irons
2012
In: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 52:12, s. 2210-2219
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of cooling rate and Ti additions on the mechanical properties and carbides characteristics such as morphology, size distribution and composition was studied in high-chromium cast irons containing Fe-17 mass%Cr-4 mass%C. Based on the size distribution, composition and morphology, M 7C3 type carbides were roughly classified into "primary M7C3 carbides" and "eutectic M7C3 carbides" with a 11.2μ m border size. Thereafter, the change of the solidification structure and especially the refinement of carbides size were determined. It was found that both the size and number values should be summarized systematically for primary M 7C3 carbides and eutectic M7C3 carbides, respectively. Also, TiC carbides with a high formation temperature can not only act as a nuclei of M7C3 carbides, but they also contain a Ti(C, N) core. In the as-cast condition, the bulk hardness of the cast irons increases with an increased Ti content. In addition, the wear loss increases with an increased Ti content. Neither the bulk hardness nor the wear loss did change too much with an increased cooling rate.

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