| 11. |
- Liu, Meng, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of a trichome-specific promoter of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) gene in Artemisia annua
- 2016
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In: Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 126:3, s. 469-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Artemisinin is a frequently used anti-malaria drug extracted from glandular trichomes (GSTs) in Artemisia annua L. In this study, we report on the characterization of the promoter of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) involved in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. A 1620-bp promoter fragment was cloned upstream of the ALDH1 start codon. Putative regulatory cis-acting elements are predicted by software, revealing that this gene is affected by complex factors. The activity of the ALDH1 promoter was analyzed using a reporter gene GUS. GUS expression showed a spatial difference in leaves at different ages. In young leaves, GUS staining was exclusively discovered in GSTs. In older leaves, both GSTs and T-shaped trichomes (TSTs) showed GUS signals. Only TSTs showed GUS staining in lower leaves. No GUS staining was detected in the bottom leaves. The result demonstrates that the ALDH1 promoter is trichome-specific. The RT-Q-PCR analysis revealed that both wild-type and recombinant promoters showed similar activity in A. annua. After application of exogenous 100 μM methyl jasmonate, 100 μM gibberellin and 100 μM salicylic acid separately, the transcript levels were increased significantly, indicating that ALDH1 may play an important role in the response to hormones in A. annua.
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| 12. |
- Ohlsson, Anna B., et al.
(author)
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Gibberellic acid-induced changes in glutathione metabolism and anthocyanin content in plant tissue
- 2001
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In: Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 64:1, s. 77-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Literature data point to a possible link between gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and glutathione metabolism in plant tissue, as both are connected to dormancy breakage. In order to study the influence of GA(3) on glutathione metabolism, we treated an anthocyanin accumulating cell culture of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and a shoot differentiated culture of pea (Pisum sativum) with GA(3). Glutathione reductase (GR; E.C. 1.6.4.2) activity increased to 135% and 190% of the control in C. roseus and P. sativum, respectively. The level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased to 60% of the control in the C. resells culture while no change in GSSG was observed in the P. sativum culture. No changes in the tissue concentration of total glutathione was observed in the cultures after GA(3) treatment. Concomitant. to the changes in GSSG and GR, an increase in anthocyanin accumulation was observed in the C. roseus culture in association with a strong increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; E.C. 4.3.1.5) activity in response to GA(3). These data strongly suggest a link between GA(3) and glutathione metabolism.
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| 13. |
- Slazak, Blazej, et al.
(author)
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Micropropagation of Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) for endangered species conservation and for somaclonal variation-enhanced cyclotide biosynthesis
- 2015
-
In: Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 120:1, s. 179-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Viola uliginosa Besser is a European violet having its main distribution range in the Baltic Sea region. Today it is considered endangered and threatened. Species of Violaceae from different genera and sections are known to produce cyclotides, cyclic polypeptides of much interest due to their medicinal properties and chemical structure. The present study introduced a rare species of violet (V. uliginosa) to in vitro culture for biodiversity protection and as a model for cyclotide biosynthesis research in the Violaceae. Leaf and petiole fragments were cultured on MS medium solidified with agar and supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators: TDZ, KIN and 2,4-D. Direct and indirect (via callus) organogenesis was induced on MS supplemented with TDZ (0.5 or 1 mg l(-1)) or with equal concentrations (2 mg l(-1)) of KIN and 2,4-D, followed by callus transfer on 1 mg l(-1) TDZ. Shoots were rooted on MS with 2 % sucrose and 0.5 mg l(-1) IBA and acclimatized. AFLP marker polymorphism was low but flow cytometry revealed that a large share of the obtained regenerants were tetraploid (2C = 4x = 2.7-2.8 pg), unlike the maternal diploid plants (2C = 2x = 1.4 pg). Eleven different cyclotides were distinguished in the aerial parts of maternal plants. Cyclotide production was significantly higher in tetraploid than in diploid plants regenerated in vitro.
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| 14. |
- Sriskandarajah, Sridevy, et al.
(author)
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High frequency shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in juvenile and adult tissues of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
- 2009
-
In: Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 99, s. 259–268-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a multipurpose small tree with unique berries of high nutritional and pharmaceutical values. A clonally propagated plant originating from a 20-year-old tree of H. r. rhamno- ides 9 mongolica hybrid cultivar Julia and seedling offspring of this cultivar were investigated regarding induction of shoot organogenesis in leaf explants and in roots of intact seedlings, and induction of direct somatic embryogenesis in explants from shoot tissue. The highest percentage of leaf explants showing shoot organogenesis was achieved (juvenile explants, 65%; adult explants, 75%) when incubated in Mu- rashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either 4.5 lM of the phenylurea cytokinin thidiazuron (TDZ) or 2.25 lM TDZ plus 2.2 lM 6-benzyladenine (BA), for juve- nile and adult explants, respectively, both supplemented with 0.53 lM a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Juvenile explants developed on average 18 shoots per explant in the MS med- ium supplemented with 4.5 lM TDZ, a four fold increase over those incubated on the medium supplemented with 2.25 lM TDZ and 2.2 lM BA. Adult leaf explants grown on medium containing 2.25 lM TDZ and 2.2 lM BA medium produced 12 shoots per explant, while those grown on med- ium containing 4.5 lM TDZ produced 5 shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis was observed in roots of intact seedlings pre-cultured on plain medium lacking nutrients (PM) or woody plant medium (WPM) salts and then grown on WPM salts supplemented with 4.4 lM BA, 0.29 lM gibberrelic acid (GA3), and 57.0 lM indoleacetic acid (IAA). The number of shoots formed on each seedling root system was ten fold higher when the pre-culture was in WPM medium indi- cating a promoting effect of mineral nutrients in the pre-cul- ture medium. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in both juvenile and adult leaf explants in 65 and 78% of the explants, respectively, in MS-based medium supplemented with 2.0 lM N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N1-phenylurea (CPPU), 0.53 lM NAA and varying concentrations of BA. There was an interaction effect between MS salt strength and BA con- centration. The most effective medium for inducing somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants contained half strength MS salts and 2.2 lM BA and full strength MS salts and 13.2 lM BA for adult explants
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| 15. |
- Viljamaa, Sonja
(author)
-
Cryopreservation of the Norway spruce tissue culture line able to produce extracellular lignin
- 2018
-
In: Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 133, s. 225-235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cryopreservation method was developed for a Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) cell line characterised by highly vacuolated cells and ability to produce natural-like extracellular lignin in a cell suspension culture. Spruce callus cultured in a photoperiod of 16 h light, 8 h dark contained two types of callus morphologies. Soft callus was composed of loosely bound cells that dispersed into single cells and small cell aggregates when transferred into liquid medium. The callus with hard morphology had also cells that were more tightly attached to each other; this callus formed bigger cell aggregates in liquid medium in addition to single cells and small cell aggregates. The hard callus contained higher concentration of intracellular phenolic compounds as compared to soft callus. For cryopreservation, a vitrification method with plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) was used. To reduce cellular water content, spruce calli were pre-cultured on a culture medium with increasing sucrose concentration (0.2 and 0.4 M; one day on each). The cryopreservation survival rate of callus with hard morphology was significantly higher than that with soft morphology (45 +/- 8% and 5 +/- 5%, respectively). Pre-culturing in continuous light for several weeks led exclusively to formation of a hard-type callus, which had a survival rate of 48 +/- 16% in cryopreservation. Expression of candidate genes of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway, Fourier transform infrared spectra and pyrolysis breakdown products of extracellular lignin were similar in control cultures and those originating from cryopreserved cells suggesting that cryopreservation is a feasible method for long-term storage of the lignin-forming cell line.
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| 16. |
- Waara, Sylvia, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Factors promoting sustained divisions of mesophyll protoplasts isolated from dihaploid clones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and a cytological analysis of regenerated plants
- 1991
-
In: Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 27:3, s. 257-265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A culture protocol has been developed for mesophyll protoplasts isolated from various dihaploid clones of potato. A special effort was made to promote the growth of initially dividing cells to form cell colonies and calli. An increase in plating efficiency in 3 different dihaploid clones and one doubled dihaploid clone was obtained after serial dilution of cultures with a suitable amount and type of medium at different stages of cell colony development. Plating on a refined semi-solid medium after 14 days of culture further improved both the yield and the quality of calli obtained. The refined plating medium also enhanced shoot regeneration ability from 67 to 90% in one of the dihaploid clones (67:9). The refined culture protocol could also be used without causing a decrease in plating efficiency at a low population density adjusted after 3 days of culture. The ploidy level of plants regenerated from dihaploid protoplasts were determined by chromosome counting and DNA analysis by flow cytometry. Most of the plants were aneuploid or tetraploid although, some dihaploid plants were obtained after protoplast culture of 2 dihaploid clones derived from the same cultivar (cv. Stina).
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| 17. |
- Lim, HT, et al.
(author)
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Regeneration of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer by organogenesis and nuclear DNA analysis of regenerants
- 1997
-
In: PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. - 0167-6857. ; 49:3, s. 179-187
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Plant regeneration ability of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) via organogenesis was studied. Compact callus was induced from four different types of explants-leaf, petiole, flower stalk, and root of in vitro-grown plantlets. Petioles were found to be t
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