| 11. |
- Bergquist, Mikael
(author)
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Josef Frank Spaces
- 2016. - 1000
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Josef Frank (1885–1967) ranks among Europe’s most significant architects of the twentieth century, and his designs for furniture and textiles have made him one of the eminent figures of modernist interior design. Though there have been many studies of Frank’s architecture previously, Josef Frank—Spaces is the first comprehensive book to look specifically at Frank’s single-family houses.Architects Mikael Bergquist and Olof Michelsen explore the evolution of Frank’s designs for single-family homes over the years, and they investigate the influences that shaped his work, such as Adolf Loos’s “spatial plan” concept, Le Corbusier’s ideas, and Hermann Muthesius’s groundbreaking book The English House. The authors also look at Frank’s architectural concepts of movement and his use of stairs in residential buildings. The book also includes an in-depth examination of six of Frank’s houses, including both built projects—Villas Claeson and Wehtje in Falsterbo, Sweden, and Villa Beer in Vienna—and unrealized ones—House for Vienna XIII, House MS in Los Angeles, and Fantasy House 9 (Accidental House). This section includes images and plans of each of the houses and a close analysis of their specific characteristics. A complete catalog of Frank’s single-family houses rounds out the book.Featuring new material and many previously unpublished images and plans, Josef Frank—Spaces will be the authoritative reference to this renowned architect’s contributions to the design of residential dwellings.
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| 12. |
- Fridén, Mikael E, 1984-
(author)
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Development of Methods for Analysis of Valuable Compounds in By-products from Agricultural and Forestry Industrial Sectors
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A growing interest in sustainable development has made efficient utilisation of starting materials and, if they occur, by-products become increasingly important. Vast amounts of by-products are generated by the forestry and food industry. Incineration for energy production is one way to make use of these by-products but some of them contain compounds that would have an increased value if they were extracted, so called “high value species”. The by-products are often very complex, so reliable methods for analysis of the high value species are required in the development of processes to utilise them. A wide range of compounds can be analysed using chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry, making it a powerful tool in the evaluation of methods for extracting high value species from industry by-products.This thesis is based on four studies of potential high value species. In the first study, methods were developed to differentiate isobaric flavonoids and then use this knowledge to determine the identity of the flavonoids in three different plant extracts. In the second study, three different methods to extract betulin from birch bark were evaluated regarding extracted amount and purity of betulin. One of the methods was then investigated in industrial scale using a model approach. In the third study, the flavonoid contents of lovage were determined and other major extracted compounds were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography were used to obtain complementary information about major components. In the fourth study, high resolution mass spectrometry utilising two different types of fragmentation was used with the purpose of overcoming the shortcomings of the methods developed in the first study. The results indicated that it would be possible to develop methods compatible with chromatographic separation for differentiating different types of isobaric substituents. The ability of performing sequential fragmentation was used to investigate some isobaric aglycones by creating spectral trees, and unique pathways were found for each of them.
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| 13. |
- Gabrielson, Marike, et al.
(author)
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Hormonal determinants of mammographic density and density change
- 2020
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In: Breast Cancer Research. - : BMC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Mammographic density (MD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. We examined how endogenous plasma hormones are associated with average MD area (cm(2)) and annual MD change (cm(2)/year). Methods This study within the prospective KARMA cohort included analyses of plasma hormones of 1040 women. Hormones from the progestogen (n = 3), androgen (n = 7), oestrogen (n = 2) and corticoid (n = 5) pathways were analysed by ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPSFC-MS/MS), as well as peptide hormones and proteins (n = 2). MD was measured as a dense area using the STRATUS method (mean over the left and right breasts) and mean annual MD change over time. Results Greater baseline mean MD was associated with overall higher concentrations of progesterone (average + 1.29 cm(2)per doubling of hormone concentration), 17OH-progesterone (+ 1.09 cm(2)), oesterone sulphate (+ 1.42 cm(2)), prolactin (+ 2.11 cm(2)) and SHBG (+ 4.18 cm(2)), and inversely associated with 11-deoxycortisol (- 1.33 cm(2)). The association between MD and progesterone was confined to the premenopausal women only. The overall annual MD change was - 0.8 cm(2). Hormones from the androgen pathway were statistically significantly associated with MD change. The annual MD change was - 0.96 cm(2)and - 1.16 cm(2)lesser, for women in the highest quartile concentrations of testosterone and free testosterone, respectively, compared to those with the lowest concentrations. Conclusions Our results suggest that, whereas hormones from the progestogen, oestrogen and corticoid pathways drive baseline MD, MD change over time is mainly driven by androgens. This study emphasises the complexity of risk factors for breast cancer and their mechanisms of action.
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| 14. |
- Idström, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Dissolution of cellulose in tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide
- 2016
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In: The 7th Workshop on cellulose, regenerated cellulose and cellulose derivatives. ; , s. 15-18
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The dissolution of cellulose in tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAAc)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was studied combining experimental and simulation techniques. It was found that the dissolution limit at 40 °C corresponded to a molar ratio close to one acetate per cellulose anhydroglucose units. MD simulations suggested that the acetate ions bind to cellulose by dual hydrogen bonds. This effectively turns cellulose into a polyelectrolyte, attracting the bulky tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) counter ions, which prevent close contact between chains in the dissolved state. This hypothesis was tested by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed that acetate forms hydrogen bonds to cellulose, and by diffusion NMR spectroscopy, which demonstrated a strong dynamic correlation between bound acetate and tetrabutylammonium in near-quantitative agreement with simulation. The present results suggest that offering hydrogen bonding to the acetate ions is the main driving force for dissolving cellulose and that the TBA+ counter ions form a diffuse layer around the acetate-decorated cellulose chains.
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| 15. |
- Idström, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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On the dissolution of cellulose in tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide : a frustrated solvent
- 2017
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In: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 24:9, s. 3645-3657
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have found that the dissolution of cellulose in the binary mixed solvent tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide follows a previously overlooked near-stoichiometric relationship such that one dissolved acetate ion is able to dissolve an amount of cellulose corresponding to about one glucose residue. The structure and dynamics of the resulting cellulose solutions were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques as well as molecular dynamics simulation. This yielded a detailed picture of the dissolution mechanism in which acetate ions form hydrogen bonds to cellulose and causes a diffuse solvation sheath of bulky tetrabutylammonium counterions to form. In turn, this leads to a steric repulsion that helps to keep the cellulose chains apart. Structural similarities to previously investigated cellulose solutions in aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide were revealed by SAXS measurement. To what extent this corresponds to similarities in dissolution mechanism is discussed.
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| 20. |
- Lambert, G., et al.
(author)
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Acute response to intracisternal bupivacaine in patients with refractory pain of the head and neck
- 2006
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In: J Physiol. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751. ; 570:Pt 2, s. 421-8:570.2, s. 421-428
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Continuous intracisternal infusion of bupivacaine for the management of intractable pain of the head and neck is effective in controlling pain in this patient group. With the catheter tip being located at the height of the C1 vertebral body, autonomic regulatory information may also be influenced by the infusion of bupivacaine. By combining direct sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), via a percutaneously placed catheter in the cisterna magna, with a noradrenaline and adrenaline isotope dilution method for examining sympathetic and adrenal medullary activity, we were able to quantify the release of brain neurotransmitters and examine efferent sympathetic nervous outflow in patients following intracisternal administration of bupivacaine. Despite severe pain, sympathetic and adrenal medullary activities were well within normal range (4.2 +/- 0.6 and 0.7 +/- 0.2 nmol min(-1), respectively, mean +/-S.E.M.). Intracisternal bupivacaine administration caused an almost instantaneous elevation in mean arterial blood pressure, increasing by 17 +/- 7 mmHg after 10 min (P < 0.01). Heart rate increased in parallel (17 +/- 5 beats min(-1)), and these changes coincided with an increase in sympathetic nervous activity, peaking with an approximately 50% increase over resting level 10 min after injection (P < 0.01). CSF levels of GABA were reduced following bupivacaine (P < 0.05). CSF catecholamines and serotonin, and EEG, remained unaffected. These results show that acutely administered bupivacaine in the cisterna magna of chronic pain sufferers leads to an activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The results suggest that the haemodynamic consequences occur as a result of interference with the neuronal circuitry in the brainstem. Although these effects are transient, they warrant caution at the induction of intracisternal local anaesthesia.
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