| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Edner, Hans, et al.
(author)
-
Industrial Emission Control Using Lidar Techniques
- 1995
-
In: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5851 .- 0013-936X. ; 29:2, s. 330-337
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A mobile DIAL (differential absorption lidar) remote sensing system has been employed in the monitoring of industrial pollutant emissions. Measurements of sulfur dioxide and mercury vapor were performed at nine different Swedish industrial plants within the framework of a control program commissioned by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Total atmospheric fluxes of these species could be determined by combining wind data with a mapping of the concentration distribution downwind from the sources. The emission values obtained were compared with in situ measurements made by the companies themselves. The values from single point sources correlate well, whereas the DIAL system normally measures a higher total flux from several distributed sources including diffuse emissions. The results are used to discuss the applicability and limitation of the DIAL technique for remote surveillance of industrial emissions.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Fridriksson, Steen, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
Intraoperative complications in aneurysm surgery : a prospective national study
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. - : Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG). - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 96:3, s. 515-522
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Object. With increasing use of endovascular procedures, the number of aneurysms treated surgically will decline. In this study the authors review complications related to the surgical treatment of aneurysms and address the issue of maintaining quality standards on a national level.Methods. A prospective, nonselected amalgamation of every aneurysm case treated in five of six neurosurgical centers in Sweden during 1 calendar year was undertaken (422 patients; 7.4 persons/100,000 population/year). The treatment protocols at these institutions were very similar. Outcome was assessed using clinical end points. In this series, 84.1% of the patients underwent surgery, and intraoperative complications occurred in 30% of these procedures. Poor outcome from technical complications was seen in 7.9% of the surgically treated patients. Intraoperative aneurysm rupture accounted for 60% and branch sacrifice for 12% of all technical difficulties. Although these complications were significantly related to aneurysm base geometry and the competence of the surgeon, problems still occurred apparently at random and also in the best of hands (17%). The temporary mean occlusion time in the patients who suffered intraoperative aneurysm rupture was twice as long as the temporary arrest of blood flow performed to aid dissection.Conclusions. The results obtained in this series closely reflect the overall management results of this disease and support the conclusion that surgical complications causing a poor outcome can be estimated on a large population-based scale. Intraoperative aneurysm rupture was the most common and most devastating technical complication that occurred. Support was found for a more liberal use of temporary clips early during dissection, regardless of the experience of the surgeon. Temporary regional interruption of arterial blood flow should be a routine method for aneurysm surgery on an everyday basis. A random occurrence of difficult intraoperative problems was clearly shown, and this factor of unpredictability, which is present in any preoperative assessment of risk, strengthens the case for recommending neuroprotection as a routine adjunct to virtually every aneurysm operation, regardless of the surgeon's experience.
|
|
| 18. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
-
Elemental mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants measured by lidar techniques
- 2005
-
In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:39, s. 7474-7480
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques have been utilized to measure elemental gaseous mercury fluxes from mercury cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) plants as a part of the European Union funded European mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants (EMECAP) project. Three plants have been selected as study objects and a total of six measurement campaigns have been performed, one intercalibration campaign and five flux evaluation campaigns, in both winter and summer. The measurements were carried out using the Swedish optical parametric oscillator-(OPO) based mobile lidar system developed at Lund Institute of Technology. The study shows large differences in the mercury emissions measured in winter or summer and at the different plants. The average values for the campaigns ranged from 6 g h(-1) in the winter campaign at the Swedish plant to 54 g h(-1) in the summer campaign at the Italian plant.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
