| 11. |
- Holgerson, Meredith A., et al.
(author)
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Classifying Mixing Regimes in Ponds and Shallow Lakes
- 2022
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In: Water resources research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 58:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lakes are classified by thermal mixing regimes, with shallow waterbodies historically categorized as continuously mixing systems. Yet, recent studies demonstrate extended summertime stratification in ponds, underscoring the need to reassess thermal classifications for shallow waterbodies. In this study, we examined the summertime thermal dynamics of 34 ponds and shallow lakes across temperate North America and Europe to categorize and identify the drivers of different mixing regimes. We identified three mixing regimes: rarely (n = 18), intermittently (n = 10), and often (n = 6) mixed, where waterbodies mixed an average of 2%, 26%, and 75% of the study period, respectively. Waterbodies in the often mixed category were larger (≥4.17 ha) and stratification weakened with increased wind shear stress, characteristic of “shallow lakes.” In contrast, smaller waterbodies, or “ponds,” mixed less frequently, and stratification strengthened with increased shortwave radiation. Shallow ponds (<0.74 m) mixed intermittently, with daytime stratification often breaking down overnight due to convective cooling. Ponds ≥0.74 m deep were rarely or never mixed, likely due to limited wind energy relative to the larger density gradients associated with slightly deeper water columns. Precipitation events weakened stratification, even causing short-term mixing (hours to days) in some sites. By examining a broad set of shallow waterbodies, we show that mixing regimes are highly sensitive to very small differences in size and depth, with potential implications for ecological and biogeochemical processes. Ultimately, we propose a new framework to characterize the variable mixing regimes of ponds and shallow lakes.
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| 12. |
- Islar, Mine, et al.
(author)
-
Diverse values of nature for sustainability
- 2022
-
In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 620, s. 813-823
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)5 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals6, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature7. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change8, pandemic emergence9 and socio-environmental injustices10. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions7,11. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures.
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| 13. |
- Janknecht, Rebecca, et al.
(author)
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A Strategy to Enhance the B-Solubility and Mechanical Properties of Ti-B-N Thin Films
- 2024
-
In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 271
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Ti–B–N system offers a wide range of possible meta(stable) phases, making it interesting for science and industry. However, the solubility for B within the face-centered cubic (fcc)-TiN lattice is rather limited and less studied, especially without forming B-rich phases. Therefore, we address how chemistries along the TiN–TiB2 or TiN–TiB tie-line influence this B-solubility. The variation between these two tie-lines is realized through non-reactive co-sputtering of a TiN, TiB2, and Ti target. We show that for variations along the TiN–TiB tie-line, even 8.9 at.% B (equivalent to 19.3 at.% non-metal fractions) can fully be incorporated into the fcc-TiNy lattice without forming other B-containing phases. The combination of detailed microstructural characterization through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy with ab initio calculations of fcc-Ti1-xNBx, fcc-TiN1-xBx, and fcc-TiN1-2xBx solid solutions indicates that B essentially substitutes N.The single-phase fcc-TiB0.17N0.69 (the highest B-containing sample along the TiN–TiB tie-line studied) exhibits the highest hardness H of 37.1±1.9 GPa combined with the highest fracture toughness KIC of 3.0±0.2 MPa·m1/2 among the samples studied. These are markedly above those of B-free TiN0.87 having H = 29.2±2.1 GPa and KIC = 2.7±<0.1 MPa·m1/2.
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| 14. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Maasri, Alain, et al.
(author)
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A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research
- 2022
-
In: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated actions towards its sustainable management and conservation.
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| 17. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(author)
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The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
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| 18. |
- Stassen, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Managing Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis.
- 2023
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In: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-7591 .- 1936-878X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current guidelines recommend that clinical surveillance for patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) may be considered if there is an indication for coronary revascularization. Recent observational studies, however, have shown that moderate AS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Whether the increased risk of adverse events is caused by associated comorbidities, or to the underlying moderate AS itself, is incompletely understood. Similarly, which patients with moderate AS need close follow-up or could potentially benefit from early AVR is also unknown. In this review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on moderate AS. They first provide an algorithm that helps to diagnose moderate AS correctly, especially when discordant grading is observed. Although the traditional focus of AS assessment has been on the valve, it is increasingly acknowledged that AS is not only a disease of the aortic valve but also of the ventricle. The authors therefore discuss how multimodality imaging can help to evaluate the left ventricular remodeling response and improve risk stratification in patients with moderate AS. Finally, they summarize current evidence on the management of moderate AS and highlight ongoing trials on AVR in moderate AS.
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| 19. |
- Washburn, Anthony N., et al.
(author)
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Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects
- 2016
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In: Scientific Data. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature): Fully open access journals / Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires.
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