| 11. |
- Backhaus, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections: manifestations, incidence and case fatality rate correlated to age, gender and risk factors
- 2016
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In: Bmc Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Incidence, manifestations and case-fatality rate (CFR) of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) vary with age and comorbidities. New vaccines, changing age distribution, prolonged survival among immunocompromised patients and improved sepsis management have created a need for an update of basic facts to inform vaccine recommendations. Methods: Age, gender and comorbidities were related to manifestations and death for 2977 consecutive patients with IPD in a Swedish region with 1.5 million inhabitants during 13 years before introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) in the infant vaccination program. These data were related to population statistics and prevalence of several comorbidities, and compared with two previous studies giving a total follow-up of 45 years in the same area. Results: The annual incidence was 15/100,000 for any IPD and 1.1/100,000 for meningitis; highest among elderly followed by children < 2 years. It was 2238/100,000 among myeloma patients, followed by chronic lymphatic leukemia, hemodialysis and lung cancer, but not elevated among asthma patients. CFR was 10 % among all patients, varying from 3 % below 18 years to 22 %>= 80 years. During 45 years, the IPD incidence increased threefold and CFR dropped from 20 to 10 %. Meningitis incidence remained stable (1.1/100,000/year) but CFR dropped from 33 to 13 %. IPD-specific mortality decreased among children < 2 years from 3.1 to 0.46/100,000/year but tripled among those >= 65 years. Conclusions: IPD incidence and CFR vary widely between age and risk groups and over time even without general infant vaccination. Knowledge about specific epidemiological characteristics is important for informing and evaluating vaccination policies.
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| 14. |
- Bowers, Robert M., et al.
(author)
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Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea
- 2017
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In: Nature Biotechnology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 35:8, s. 725-731
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present two standards developed by the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) for reporting bacterial and archaeal genome sequences. Both are extensions of the Minimum Information about Any (x) Sequence (MIxS). The standards are the Minimum Information about a Single Amplified Genome (MISAG) and the Minimum Information about a Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MIMAG), including, but not limited to, assembly quality, and estimates of genome completeness and contamination. These standards can be used in combination with other GSC checklists, including the Minimum Information about a Genome Sequence (MIGS), Minimum Information about a Metagenomic Sequence (MIMS), and Minimum Information about a Marker Gene Sequence (MIMARKS). Community-wide adoption of MISAG and MIMAG will facilitate more robust comparative genomic analyses of bacterial and archaeal diversity.
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| 18. |
- Malmstrom, A., et al.
(author)
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INTERNATIONAL SURVEY REGARDING USE OF MGMT ANALYSES FOR GLIOMA
- 2018
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In: Neuro-Oncology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 20, s. 215-215
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BACKGROUND: MGMT promotor methylation status is part of glioma diagnostics, supporting clinical decision making. Internationally different methods and cut-off levels are used to determine whether a tumor is methylated or unmethylated. Treatment decisions can be inadequate, when methylation status of the tumor can change due to the analysis and cutoff used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an international survey, consisting of 27 questions, to clarify which methods are regularly used in different clinico-pathological settings and why a specific method is selected. We also asked about opinions regarding an international consensus on methods and cut-off levels. RESULTS: The survey was answered by 146 respondents - mainly neuropathologists - from 24 countries. The responses show that MGMT methylation status is determined for all gliomas in 37% of laboratories, while 8% do not perform the analysis. The most commonly used methods are msPCR (37%) and pyrosequencing (34%). The main reasons for choosing a specific method are simplicity (56%), cost-effectiveness (49%) and reproducibility of results (49%). For those using pyrosequencing, the most common number of CpG sites analyzed is four, but varies between 1–3 and more than 16. For 50% of laboratories, the company producing the kit determines which CpG sites should be examined, while 33% select the sites themselves. Selection of cut-off is equally distributed between a cut-off a) published in the literature, b) defined by the lab or c) defined by the company performing the analysis. This cut-off varies between different pathology departments. In one lab tumor is determined as methylated in case of 1 methylated CpG site of 17 analyzed. For others cut-off for methylated varies from 1% to 30%. Some report tumor as unmethylated or weakly versus highly methylated. An international consensus on MGMT methylation method is believed to be of advantage by 66%, while only 20% do not find this necessary. A consensus on a cut-off is warranted by 76%. Most suggest that the consensus method should be msPCR (45%) or pyrosequencing (42%), while 17% suggest next generation sequencing. CONCLUSION: While analysis and use of MGMT methylation status has become routine in the clinico-pathological setting, there is still controversy regarding the best laboratory method and the clinically relevant cut-off level. Most respondents suggest that an international consensus on both method and cut-off should be established.
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