| 11. |
- Jonsson Cabrajic, Anna V, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Predicting growth of mat-forming lichens on a landscape scale : comparing models with different complexities
- 2010
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In: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 33:5, s. 949-960
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the 20th century, forestry practices has adversely affected lichen-rich habitats. Mat-forming lichens are important components of the vegetation of boreal and arctic ecosystems and are the main reindeer forage during the winter. To support the long-term management of lichens in such habitats we developed models for predicting the growth of two common species. The lichens were transplanted across northern Scandinavia along a west-east gradient varying in precipitation, temperature and irradiance. Growth was recorded seasonally over 16 months and ranged from −4.8 to 34.6% and −12.7 to 34.7% dry weight change for Cetraria stellaris and Cladina islandica, respectively. Growth was light limited below canopies with more than ca 60% cover and highest at the more humid sites when light levels were optimal. The models were based on various meteorological parameters, irradiance, physiological data and lichen hydration status; the latter was derived from a recently developed lichen hydration model. Our models' abilities to predict growth, both annually and seasonally (i.e. in summer), were evaluated in relation to their complexity and their potential usefulness from a management perspective. One parameter related to irradiance (the logarithm of site openness) was valuable in the prediction of annual growth for both species and could, in combination with precipitation, explain 52% of the variation in annual growth for C. stellaris and, in combination with total wet time and the irradiance received while wet, explain 66% of the variation in annual growth for C. islandica. The best simplified model explained 43% of the variation in annual growth for C. stellaris, using stem basal area and the annual normal temperature, and 24% for C. islandica using basal area alone. It is concluded that ensuring sufficient irradiance below the forest canopy is of crucial importance in the long-term management of mat-forming lichens and that simplified models can be used to identify appropriate habitats.
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| 12. |
- Kaarlejärvi, Elina, 1980-
(author)
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The role of herbivores in mediating responses of tundra ecosystems to climate change
- 2014
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Arctic areas are warming more rapidly than other parts of the world. Increasing temperatures are predicted to result in shrubification, higher productivity, declining species diversity and new species invasions to the tundra. Changes in species diversity and plant community composition are likely to alter ecosystem functions with potential consequences for human population also at lower latitudes. Thus, in order to better predict the effects of the rapid arctic warming, we need knowledge on how plant communities respond to a warmer climate. Here, I investigate the effects of climate warming on tundra plant communities and focus on the role of mammalian herbivores in mediating these responses. I examined the role of herbivores by incorporating herbivore manipulations to short- and long-term warming experiments as well as along altitudinal gradients. I measured how individual plants and plant communities respond to warming with and without herbivores.Results of my PhD Thesis illustrate several ways how herbivores modify the responses of plants to warming. I found that herbivores (reindeer, hare, voles, lemmings) may prevent lowland forbs from invading open tundra. Herbivores might also protect small tundra forbs from being outcompeted by taller and denser vegetation under climate warming. Thus, different herbivore pressures may lead to differing plant abundances and distribution shifts in different areas. Furthermore, my results show that high herbivore pressure can reverse the effects of long-term climate warming very rapidly, even in one year. This finding suggests that well-planned targeted reindeer grazing episodes could potentially be used as a conservation tool to keep selected tundra habitats open. Sudden cessation of grazing may initiate rapid changes in plant community, especially if it coincides with warm temperatures. Taken together, I show that herbivores counteract the effects of climate warming by slowing down or preventing vegetation changes in tundra. Therefore, it is important to consider mammalian herbivores when predicting tundra plant community responses to changing climate.
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| 13. |
- Kivinen, Sonja, et al.
(author)
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Effects of modern forest management on winter grazing resources for reindeer in Sweden
- 2010
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 39:4, s. 269-278
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Boreal forests in Sweden are exploited in a number of ways, including forestry and reindeer husbandry. In the winter, reindeer feed mainly on lichens, and lichen-rich forests are a key resource in the herding system. Commercial forestry has mainly negative effects on reindeer husbandry, and conflicts between these two industries have escalated over the last century. This article reviews the effects of modern forest management practices on the winter resources available for reindeer husbandry. Forestry affects reindeer husbandry at both the stand level and the landscape level and over various time scales. Clear-cutting, site preparation, fertilization, short rotation times, and forest fragmentation have largely resulted in a reduced amount of ground growing and arboreal lichens and restricted access to resource. This article also discusses alternative forestry practices and approaches that could reduce the impacts of forestry on reindeer husbandry, both in the short and long term.
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| 14. |
- Kivinen, Sonja, et al.
(author)
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Forest Fragmentation and Landscape Transformation in a Reindeer Husbandry Area in Sweden
- 2012
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In: Environmental Management. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 49:2, s. 295-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reindeer husbandry and forestry are two main land users in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Modern forestry has numerous negative effects on the ground-growing and arboreal lichens that are crucial winter resources for reindeer husbandry. Using digitized historical maps, we examined changes in the forest landscape structure during the past 100 years, and estimated corresponding changes in suitability of forest landscape mosaics for the reindeer winter grazing. Cover of old coniferous forests, a key habitat type of reindeer herding system, showed a strong decrease during the study period, whereas clear-cutting and young forests increased rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century. The dominance of young forests and fragmentation of old-growth forests (decreased patch sizes and increased isolation) reflect decreased amount of arboreal lichens as well as a lowered ability of the landscape to sustain long-term persistence of lichens. The results further showed that variation in ground lichen cover among sites was mainly related to soil moisture conditions, recent disturbances, such as soil scarification and prescribed burning, and possibly also to forest history. In general, the results suggest that the composition and configuration of the forest landscape mosaic has become less suitable for sustainable reindeer husbandry.
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| 15. |
- Moen, Jon, et al.
(author)
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Eye on the Taiga : Removing Global Policy Impediments to Safeguard the Boreal Forest
- 2014
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In: Conservation Letters. - : Wiley. - 1755-263X. ; 7:4, s. 408-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The absence of boreal forests from global policy agendas on sustainable development and climate change mitigation represents a massive missed opportunity for environmental protection. The boreal zone contains some of the world's largest pools of terrestrial carbon that, if not safeguarded from a conversion to a net source of greenhouse gases, could seriously exacerbate global climate change. At the same time, boreal countries have a strong tradition of forest management-expertise that could be effectively leveraged toward global and national carbon mitigation targets and sustainable development. Current obstacles against such contributions include weak incentives for carbon sequestration and a reluctance to embrace change by forest managers and policy makers. We discuss possible solutions to overcome these obstacles, including the improvement of ineffective incentives, the development of alternative forest management strategies, and the need to maintain ecosystem resilience through the pursuit of policy and management options.
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| 16. |
- Moen, Jon, et al.
(author)
-
Future Forests scenarios 2050 : Possible futures, future possibilities
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This foresight brief summarises the findings of a scenario process on possible futures for Sweden’s forests and forest sector. The purpose of the process was to build interdisciplinary skills within the research programme Future Forests and to initiate discussions about the future with our stakeholders. A group of 21 researchers from different disciplines, ranging from the natural and social sciences to the humanities, took part in the process. Stakeholders and interest groups were involved in the initial steps and in discussions of the final scenarios. The process involved four steps: identifying external drivers, defining critical uncertainties to be discussed, developing the scenarios, and discussing implications with interest groups.
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| 17. |
- Moen, Jon, 1960-, et al.
(author)
-
Interlocking panarchies in multi-use boreal forests in Sweden
- 2010
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In: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance Publications. - 1708-3087. ; 15:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses northern Sweden as a case study of a multi-use social-ecological system, in which forestry and reindeer husbandry interact as different land use forms in the same area. We aim to describe the timeline of main events that have influenced resource use in northern Sweden, that is, to attempt a historical profiling of the system, and to discuss these trends in the system in terms of adaptive cycles and resilience. The study shows that key political decisions have created strong path dependencies and a situation in which forestry today is characterized by low flexibility and low resilience due to the highly optimized harvesting of tree resources. Since forestry is the overwhelmingly strongest actor, trends in forestry from the mid-19th century forward are, to a large part, driving dynamics in reindeer husbandry and environmental protection, resulting in a system of interlocking panarchies with large implications for the competing land uses.
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| 18. |
- Moen, Jon
(author)
-
Om att skåda naveln eller världen
- 2014
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In: Hela vetenskapen!. - : Vetenskapsrådet och Svenska Unescorådet. - 9789173072458 ; , s. 34-39
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 19. |
- Moen, Jon
(author)
-
Tre myter om tvärvetenskap.
- 2013
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In: Biodiverse. - : Centrum för biologisk mångfald (CBM). - 2002-3820. ; 18:1, s. 12-14
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Är tvärvetenskapligt arbete svårt och ytligt? Måste man utgå från ett gemensamt språk? Många av de föreställningar som existerar kring tvärvetenskap innebär ett hinder för att få en mer integrerad och lösningsinriktad forskning. Professor Jon Moen slår hål på myterna.
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| 20. |
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