| 11. |
- Holm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of cycloid psychosis following electroconvulsive therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 71:6, s. 405-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The treatment of choice for cycloid psychosis has traditionally been electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but there is a lack of studies on its effectiveness.Aims: The primary aim of this register study was to determine the rates of remission and response after ECT for cycloid psychosis. The secondary aim was to examine possible predictors of outcome.Methods: Data were obtained from the National Quality Register for ECT in Sweden. The study population was patients (n=42) who received ECT for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia or for cycloid psychosis between 2011-2015 in 13 hospitals. Remission and response rates were calculated using Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and -Improvement scores, respectively. Variables with possible predictive value were tested using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.Results: The response rate was 90.5%. The remission rate was 45.2%. Of 42 patients, 40 improved their CGI-S score after ECT (p<0.001). The mean number of ECT treatments was 2.5 for non-responders and 7.0 for responders (p=0.010). The mean number of ECT treatments did not differ significantly between remitters and non-remitters (7.2 vs 6.1, p=0.31). None of the other investigated potential predictors was statistically significantly associated with outcome.Conclusions: ECT is an effective treatment for cycloid psychosis. Future studies need to compare the outcome of ECT to that of other treatment strategies. Clinical implications: The high response rate with ECT indicates that cycloid psychosis is a clinically useful diagnosis.
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| 12. |
- Kalling, Styrbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Relapse risk after in-ward electroconvulsive therapy for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 75:3, s. 201-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (APPD) without symptoms of schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric condition. APPD can be effectively treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but little is known about relapse prevention after ECT for APPD.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective register-based study conducted with 97 patients with APPD (ICD-10 diagnosis F23.0). We estimated the rates of readmission and suicide, and the prognostic factors of these outcomes after ECT. We combined data from several national Swedish registers and used Cox's regression analysis to identify demographic factors, disease characteristics, and relapse preventive treatments that predicted time to readmission or suicide (relapse). Data registered between 2011 and 2016 were used in the study.RESULTS: Twenty percent of cases relapsed within a year. Thereafter, relapse rate was low. Two cases died during follow-up, whereof one by suicide. Anxiolytic treatment, lamotrigine treatment, and having more than four previous psychiatric hospital admissions were associated with shorter time to relapse. The most robust of these associations was between anxiolytics and relapse risk.CONCLUSIONS: The first year after discharge from APPD is the period associated with the highest risk of relapse. Having many previous admissions was associated to relapse risk after ECT for APPD. The associations between anxiolytics, lamotrigine, and relapse are uncertain and might be influenced by indication bias.
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| 13. |
- Nordanskog, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Electroconvulsive Therapy in Sweden 2013 : Data From the National Quality Register for ECT
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of ECT. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1095-0680 .- 1533-4112. ; 31:4, s. 263-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) varies across countries. The aim of this study was to describe and explore the use of ECT in Sweden in 2013.Methods: The Swedish mandatory patient register of the National Board of Health and Welfare includes information on diagnoses and treatments, including ECT. All 56 hospitals that provide ECT in Sweden also report to the nonmandatory national quality register for ECT, which contains information on patient and treatment characteristics. In this study, we combined data from both registers. In addition, all hospitals responded to a survey concerning equipment and organization of ECT.Results: We identified 3972 unique patients who received ECT in Sweden in 2013. This translates into 41 ECT-treated individuals per 100,000 inhabitants. Of these patients, 85% opted to participate in the quality register. The median age was 55 years (range, 15-94 years), and 63% were women. The indication was depression in 78% of the treatment series. Of 4 711 hospitalized patients with severe depression, 38% received ECT. The median number of treatments per index series was 7. Unilateral treatment was used in 86% of the series.Conclusions: In Sweden, ECT is used at a relatively high rate as compared with other western countries, and the rate was unchanged from the last survey in 1975. However, there is room for improvement in the specificity of use and availability of ECT for disorders where ECT is considered a first-line treatment.
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| 14. |
- Nordanskog, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Hippocampal volume in relation to clinical and cognitive outcome after electroconvulsive therapy in depression
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - United States : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 129:4, s. 303-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:In a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we found a significant increase in hippocampal volume immediately after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate hippocampal volume up to 1 year after ECT and investigate its possible relation to clinical and cognitive outcome.METHOD:Clinical and cognitive outcome in 12 in-patients with depression receiving antidepressive pharmacological treatment referred for ECT were investigated with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a broad neuropsychological test battery within 1 week before and after ECT. The assessments were repeated 6 and 12 months after baseline in 10 and seven of these patients, respectively. Hippocampal volumes were measured on all four occasions with 3 Tesla MRI.RESULTS:Hippocampal volume returned to baseline during the follow-up period of 6 months. Neither the significant antidepressant effect nor the significant transient decrease in executive and verbal episodic memory tests after ECT could be related to changes in hippocampal volume. No persistent cognitive side effects were observed 1 year after ECT.CONCLUSION:The immediate increase in hippocampal volume after ECT is reversible and is not related to clinical or cognitive outcome.
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| 15. |
- Nordanskog, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in Hippocampal Volume After Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Depression : A Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ECT. - 1095-0680 .- 1533-4112. ; 26:1, s. 62-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Major depression has traditionally been regarded as a neurochemical disease, but findings of a decreased hippocampal volume in patients with depression have turned the pathophysiological focus toward impairments in structural plasticity. The mechanisms of action of the most effective antidepressive treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), still remains elusive, but recent animal research has provided evidence for a cell proliferative effect in the hippocampus. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if hippocampal volume changes after ECT in patients with depression.Methods: Twelve patients with depression and ongoing antidepressive pharmacological treatment were investigated with clinical ratings and 3 T magnetic resonance imaging within 1 week before and after the ECT series. Each hippocampus was manually outlined on coronal slices, and the volume was calculated.Results: The left as well as the right hippocampal volume increased significantly after ECT.Conclusions: The hippocampal volume increases after ECT, supporting the hypothesis that hippocampus may play a central role in the treatment of depression.
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| 16. |
- Nordanskog, Pia, 1971-
(författare)
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On electroconvulsive therapy in depression : Clinical, cognitive and neurobiological aspects
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used worldwide to treat severe mental disorders. The most common mental disorder, and the third leading cause of disease burden in the world is depression. The clinical efficacy of ECT for severe depression is well-established. However, both the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of action of ECT remain elusive.The main aims of this thesis are to address the following issues: 1) the use and practice of ECT in Sweden has not been systematically evaluated since 1975, 2) cognitive side-effects (memory disturbances) are a major concern with ECT and 3) the mechanism of action of ECT remain elusive. The neurobiological aspects of ECT focus on two hypotheses. First, the recent years´ preclinical studies that have provided evidence that ECT induces hippocampal cell proliferation, including neurogenesis. Second, that enhanced functional inhibition of neuronal activity is a key feature.Current use and practice of ECT in Sweden (paper I) is based on data from the national quality register for ECT, the mandatory patient register of the National Board of Health and Welfare and a survey. Treated person rate (TPR) in Sweden 2013 was found to be 41 individuals / 100 000, and thus unchanged since the latest systematic investigation in Sweden 1975. In more than 70% of treatment series the indication was a depressive episode. The selection of patients for ECT and treatment technique in Sweden was similar to that in other western countries, but the consent procedure and the involvement of nurses and nursing assistants in the delivery of ECT differ. Data also shows that there is room for improvement in both the specificity of use and availability of ECT.The second study in this thesis is a longitudinal observational trial where 12 (paper II and III) and 14 (paper IV) patients with depression referred for ECT were investigated. Patients underwent a 3 T MRI structural scanning and DSC-MRI perfusion, a neuropsychological test battery and clinical ratings before ECT, within one to two weeks after ECT and after 6 and 12 months. In line with preclinical findings and the plasticity hypothesis of mechanism of action of ECT, the hippocampal volume increased after ECT in patients with depression. However, this increase was transient and returned to baseline levels within 6 months. No correlation was found between volumetric changes and clinical effect or cognitive outcome. Instead our results suggested an association to the number of treatments, without relation to the side of stimulation. A right-sided decrease in frontal blood flow distinguished remission from non-remission after ECT. There were significant impairments in verbal episodic memory and verbal fluency within one week after ending the ECT course, but these impairments were transient and no persistent cognitive impairments were seen during the follow-up.In summary, this thesis present the first update on the use and practice of ECT in Sweden in the last 40 years as well as a pioneering MRI-study on the hippocampal volume increase in the treatment of depression with ECT. Supportive to earlier findings we also found the cognitive side-effects that are measurable after ECT to be transient. Furthermore, we found that a decreased frontal blood flow is of importance for the anti-depressive response to ECT.
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| 17. |
- Nordanskog, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Relative decrease of frontal blood flow after electroconvulsive therapy in depression distinguishes remission: a perfusion MRI study
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Understanding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is of importance not only for optimizing treatment, but could also provide important information about key features of the healing process in depression. Enhanced inhibition (the anticonvulsant hypothesis) is one of several suggested mechanisms of action of ECT. Earlier studies on cerebral blood flow during ECT have given diverging results. Our aim was to study changes in cerebral blood flow in depression treated with ECT and their relation to treatment outcome.Methods: We obtained MRI scans in 14 depressed subjects referred for ECT. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) within 1 week before and 2 weeks after a course of ECT. The relative CBF was calculated from mean values in predefined regions of interest in relation to the mean value in the whole brain.Results: A significant relative CBF increase in the occipital region (p < 0.05) and a significant relative decrease in the right lateral temporal lobe (p < 0.05) were found in the entire study group. A significant decrease in the right frontal lobe, with a significant anteriorposterior and right-left gradient shift in relative CBF, was a distinguishing feature in patients with ECT-induced remission (n = 8).Limitations: This observational study is limited by the risk of random bias and its low number of participants.Conclusions: Our results suggest that a decreased relative blood flow in frontal regions may be a hallmark of treatment efficacy in depression treated with ECT.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Nordensköld, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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ECT: Kliniska riktlinjer för elektrokonvulsiv behandling
- 2014. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Mycket svåra psykiska sjukdomar medför stort lidande, sänker individens funktionsnivå påtagligt och påverkar anhöriga i hög grad. Obehandlade kan de i värsta fall leda till döden. Korrekt administrerad och på välvalda indikationer är elektrokonvulsiv terapi (ECT) en säker och effektiv behandling vid flera av dessa sjukdomar.Svenska Psykiatriska Föreningen har tagit initiativ till att skapa kliniska riktlinjer för ECT. Ambitionen är att tillhandahålla aktuell kunskap inom hela ECT-området och att vara ett stöd i användning och uppföljning av ECT. I riktlinjerna föreslås kvalitetsindikatorer som med stöd av kvalitetsregistret för ECT kan användas för att utveckla den egna verksamheten.Riktlinjerna vänder sig till behandlingsansvariga läkare, verksamhetschefer och till övrig personal inom psykiatrin i Sverige.Svenska Psykiatriska Föreningen har sedan 1996 utformat kliniska riktlinjer för en rad psykiatriska områden. ECT - kliniska riktlinjer för elektrokonvulsiv behandling är den femtonde skriften i serien Svensk Psykiatri.
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| 20. |
- Ole, Brus, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective Memory Immediately Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of ECT. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1095-0680 .- 1533-4112. ; 33:2, s. 96-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVESThe aims of the present study were to describe the short-term rate of subjective memory worsening (SMW) and identify factors of importance for SMW in a large clinical sample treated for depression with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).METHODSThis register-based study included 1212 patients from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT. Subjective memory worsening was defined as a 2-point worsening on the memory item of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale from before to within 1 week after treatment. Associations between patient characteristics and treatment factors were examined using logistic regression.RESULTSSubjective memory worsening was experienced in 26%. It was more common in women than in men (31% vs 18%; P < 0.001) and more common in patients aged 18 to 39 years than in patients 65 years or older (32% vs 22%; P = 0.008). Patients with less subjective memory disturbances before ECT had a greater risk of SMW. Patients in remission after ECT had a lower risk of SMW. A brief pulse width stimulus gave higher risk of SMW compared with ultrabrief pulse (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.47).CONCLUSIONSSubjective memory worsening is reported by a minority of patients. However, young women are at risk of experiencing SMW. Ultrabrief pulse width stimulus could be considered for patients treated with unilateral electrode placement who experience SMW. Each patient should be monitored with regard to symptoms and adverse effects, and treatment should be adjusted on an individual basis to maximize the clinical effect and with efforts to minimize the cognitive adverse effects.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
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