| 11. |
- Månberg, Anna, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Altered perivascular fibroblast activity precedes ALS disease onset
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:4, s. 640-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apart from well-defined factors in neuronal cells1, only a few reports consider that the variability of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression can depend on less-defined contributions from glia2,3 and blood vessels4. In this study we use an expression-weighted cell-type enrichment method to infer cell activity in spinal cord samples from patients with sporadic ALS and mouse models of this disease. Here we report that patients with sporadic ALS present cell activity patterns consistent with two mouse models in which enrichments of vascular cell genes preceded microglial response. Notably, during the presymptomatic stage, perivascular fibroblast cells showed the strongest gene enrichments, and their marker proteins SPP1 and COL6A1 accumulated in enlarged perivascular spaces in patients with sporadic ALS. Moreover, in plasma of 574 patients with ALS from four independent cohorts, increased levels of SPP1 at disease diagnosis repeatedly predicted shorter survival with stronger effect than the established risk factors of bulbar onset or neurofilament levels in cerebrospinal fluid. We propose that the activity of the recently discovered perivascular fibroblast can predict survival of patients with ALS and provide a new conceptual framework to re-evaluate definitions of ALS etiology.
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| 12. |
- Olofsson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Automatisk friskkvistaptering : Mer friskkvist till sågverken genom implementering av egenskapsanpassad aptering i skogen och förbättrade algoritmer i timmersorteringen
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fokus för det här projektet har varit att undersöka ifall andelen friskkvisttimmer kan öka från skogarna i Norrbotten genom att använda en funktion som beskriver var i stammarna kvistarna blir friska. Funktionen finns tillgänglig i många av dagens skördardatorer och genom att aktivera den kan så kallad automatisk friskvistaptering göras. Tre avverkningar har följts från skog till färdig produkt. Totalt har 3500 stockar sönderdelades till 7000 plankor och analyserats. Resultatet från avverkningarna indikerar att uttaget av friskkviststockar kan öka och att en lämplig kvot mellan den diameter där sågutbytet blir friskkvistigt (FKC) och tallarnas brösthöjdsdiameter (DBH) är 0,84 för slutavverkningsmogna bestånd i upptagningsområdet för Seskarö sågverk. Med denna kvot blev 80% av de friskkvistapterade stockarna också friskkvistiga produkter i justerverket. Storleken på kvoten är dock kopplad till hur det enskilda sågverket definierar sina friskkvistprodukter och kan inte ses som generell för alla sågverk. Algoritmutvecklingen i delprojekt två är baserad på röntgen- och 3d-parametrar för sammanlagt 360 variabler från 1650 stockar och 3300 sorteringsresultat från justerverket. Endast stockar där båda plankorna kunnat matchas till stocken med hög tillförlitlighet har analyserats. Det kan konstateras att nuvarande friskkvistmodell är betydligt sämre på att bedöma rotstockar än topp- och mellanstockar. En algoritm som först bedömer stocktyp och sedan applicerar olika prediktionsmodeller på rot respektive topp och mellanstock har högre precision men lägre sensitivitet än nuvarande modell. Genom apteringssimuleringar har siffror tagits fram som visar på hur det totala timmerutfallet i leveranserna till Seskarö påverkas ifall automatisk friskkvistaptering tillämpas och det relativa värdet på friskkviststockar ökas. En relativ ökning av friskkviststockarnas värde med 5% resulterade i att volymen friskkviststockar ökade från 12 till 20% medan svartkviststockarna minskade från 24 till 17%. Medellängden på friskkviststockarna ökade samtidigt med 21cm medan medellängden på övriga timmersortiment var i princip oförändrade.
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| 13. |
- Olofsson, Peder S., et al.
(författare)
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Blood pressure regulation by CD4+ lymphocytes expressing choline acetyltransferase
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 34:10, s. 1066-1071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood pressure regulation is known to be maintained by a neuro-endocrine circuit, but whether immune cells contribute to blood pressure homeostasis has not been determined. We previously showed that CD4(+) T lymphocytes that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of the vasorelaxant acetylcholine, relay neural signals(1). Here we show that these CD4(+)CD44(hi)CD62L(Io) T helper cells by gene expression are a distinct T-cell population defined by ChAT (CD4 T-ChAT). Mice lacking ChAT expression in CD4(+) cells have elevated arterial blood pressure, compared to littermate controls. Jurkat T cells overexpressing ChAT (JT(ChAT)) decreased blood pressure when infused into mice. Co-incubation of JT(ChAT) and endothelial cells increased endothelial cell levels of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and of nitrates and nitrites in conditioned media, indicating increased release of the potent vasorelaxant nitric oxide. The isolation and characterization of CD4 T-ChAT cells will enable analysis of the role of these cells in hypotension and hypertension, and may suggest novel therapeutic strategies by targeting cell-mediated vasorelaxation.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Akinsanmi, B., et al.
(författare)
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The tidal deformation and atmosphere of WASP-12 b from its phase curve
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Ultra-hot Jupiters present a unique opportunity to understand the physics and chemistry of planets, their atmospheres, and interiors at extreme conditions. WASP-12 b stands out as an archetype of this class of exoplanets, with a close-in orbit around its star that results in intense stellar irradiation and tidal effects. Aims. The goals are to measure the planet's tidal deformation, atmospheric properties, and also to refine its orbital decay rate. Methods. We performed comprehensive analyses of the transits, occultations, and phase curves of WASP-12b by combining new CHEOPS observations with previous TESS and Spitzer data. The planet was modeled as a triaxial ellipsoid parameterized by the second-order fluid Love number of the planet, h2, which quantifies its radial deformation and provides insight into the interior structure. Results. We measured the tidal deformation of WASP-12b and estimated a Love number of h2 = 1.55- 0.49+0.45 (at 3.2σ) from its phase curve. We measured occultation depths of 333 ± 24 ppm and 493 ± 29 ppm in the CHEOPS and TESS bands, respectively, while the nightside fluxes are consistent with zero, and also marginal eastward phase offsets. Our modeling of the dayside emission spectrum indicates that CHEOPS and TESS probe similar pressure levels in the atmosphere at a temperature of ~2900 K. We also estimated low geometric albedos of Ag = 0.086 ± 0.017 and Ag = 0.01 ± 0.023 in the CHEOPS and TESS passbands, respectively, suggesting the absence of reflective clouds in the high-temperature dayside of the planet. The CHEOPS occultations do not show strong evidence for variability in the dayside atmosphere of the planet at the median occultation depth precision of 120 ppm attained. Finally, combining the new CHEOPS timings with previous measurements refines the precision of the orbital decay rate by 12% to a value of - 30.23 ± 0.82 ms yr- 1, resulting in a modified stellar tidal quality factor of Q′∗ = 1.70 ± 0.14 × 105. Conclusions. WASP-12 b becomes the second exoplanet, after WASP-103b, for which the Love number has been measured from the effect of tidal deformation in the light curve. However, constraining the core mass fraction of the planet requires measuring h2 with a higher precision. This can be achieved with high signal-to-noise observations with JWST since the phase curve amplitude, and consequently the induced tidal deformation effect, is higher in the infrared.
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| 17. |
- Almevall, Ariel, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health in old age, related factors and survival: A 20-Year longitudinal study within the Silver-MONICA cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Self-rated health (SRH) offers insights into the evolving health demographics of an ageing population.Aim: To assess change in SRH from old age to very old age and their associations with health and well-being factors, and to investigate the association between SRH and survival.Methods: All participants in the MONICA 1999 re-examination born before 1940 (n = 1595) were included in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort. The Silver-MONICA follow-up started in 2016 included participants in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort aged 80 years or older. Data on SRH was available for 1561 participants at baseline with 446 of them also participating in the follow-up. The follow-up examination included a wide variety of measurements and tests.Findings: Most participants rated their health as "Quite good" (54.5 %) at baseline. Over the study period, 42.6 % had stable SRH, 40.6 % had declined, and 16.8 % had improved. Changes in SRH were at follow-up significantly associated with age, pain, nutrition, cognition, walking aid use, self-paced gait speed, lower extremity strength, independence in activities of daily living, weekly physical exercise, outdoor activity, participation in organized activities, visiting others, morale, and depressive symptoms. SRH at baseline was significantly associated with survival (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrates associations between changes in SRH and a multitude of health- and wellbeing-related factors, as well as a relation between survival and SRH, accentuating their relevance within the ageing population.
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| 18. |
- Alonso, R., et al.
(författare)
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No random transits in CHEOPS observations of HD 139139 *,**
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context . The star HD 139139 (a.k.a. ‘the Random Transiter’) is a star that exhibited enigmatic transit-like features with no apparent periodicity in K2 data. The shallow depth of the events (-200 ppm - equivalent to transiting objects with radii of -1.5 R⊕ in front of a Sun-like star) and their non-periodicity constitute a challenge for the photometric follow-up of this star. Aims . The goal of this study is to confirm with independent measurements the presence of shallow, non-periodic transit-like features on this object. Methods . We performed observations with CHEOPS for a total accumulated time of 12.75 days, distributed in visits of roughly 20 h in two observing campaigns in years 2021 and 2022. The precision of the data is sufficient to detect 150 ppm features with durations longer than 1.5 h. We used the duration and times of the events seen in the K2 curve to estimate how many events should have been detected in our campaigns, under the assumption that their behaviour during the CHEOPS observations would be the same as in the K2 data of 2017. Results . We do not detect events with depths larger than 150 ppm in our data set. If the frequency, depth, and duration of the events were the same as in the K2 campaign, we estimate the probability of having missed all events due to our limited observing window would be 4.8%. Conclusions . We suggest three different scenarios to explain our results: 1) Our observing window was not long enough, and the events were missed with the estimated 4.8% probability. 2) The events recorded in the K2 observations were time critical, and the mechanism producing them was either not active in the 2021 and 2022 campaigns or created shallower events under our detectability level. 3) The enigmatic events in the K2 data are the result of an unidentified and infrequent instrumental noise in the original data set or its data treatment.
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| 19. |
- Anderson, Helén, et al.
(författare)
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Skapa kundnärvaro i innovationsprocessen
- 2008
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Ingår i: Innovationsförmåga. - Malmö : Holmbergs i Malmö AB. - 9789197785204 ; , s. 40-59
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Design and control of integrated chromatography column sequences
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Progress. - : Wiley. - 1520-6033 .- 8756-7938. ; 00:00
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase the productivity in biopharmaceutical production, a natural step is to introduce integrated continuous biomanufacturing which leads to fewer buffer and storage tanks, smaller sizes of integrated unit operations, and full automation of the operation. The main contribution of this work is to illustrate a methodology for design and control of a downstream process based on integrated column sequences. For small scale production, for example, pre-clinical studies, integrated column sequences can be implemented on a single chromatography system. This makes for a very efficient drug development platform. The proposed methodology is composed of four steps and is governed by a set of tools, that is presented, that makes the transition from batch separations to a complete integrated separation sequence as easy as possible. This methodology, its associated tools and the physical implementation is presented and illustrated on a case study where the target protein is separated from impurities through an integrated four column sequence. This article shows that the design and control of an integrated column sequence was successfully implemented for a tertiary protein separation problem.
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