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11.
  • Verbova, Marina, et al. (author)
  • Normalårskorrigering av fossil koldioxidemission från fastighets-uppvärmning och elproduktion 2010-2011 varav 2011 avser preliminära data : Resultatredovisning för hela perioden 1990-2011
  • 2012
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Summary for NIR Submission 2013Normal-year correction of green-house gas emissionsIn the UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines on Annual Inventories, Parties are encouraged to give information on application of adjustments as it is regarded as important information in relation to the monitoring of emission and removal trends, and the performance of national policies and measures. Information on fossil CO2-emissions adjusted for weather and climatic conditions in Sweden was included in the Third National Communication on Climate Change in 2001, and up-dated in the Fourth and Fifth National Communication in 2005 and 2009, respectively.The Swedish weather conditions vary a great deal from year to year. Temperature, solar radiation and wind influence the amount of energy needed to heat buildings in order to maintain normal indoor temperatures. Precipitation affects the quantity of water flowing in watercourses and hence the potential for generating electric energy using hydropower. Hydropower accounts for almost half of all electricity production in Sweden.Figure 1. Actual and normal-year corrected fossil CO2-emissions for heating of buildings and electricity production in Sweden for the years 1990-2011. For the year 2011 preliminary statistics on fossil fuel consumption is used. 2Sweden has developed a normal-year correction method, which makes it possible to adjust actual fossil CO2-emissions in Sweden for a specific year to the fossil CO2-emissions which should have taken place in a climatic "normal" year (normal year period 1965 - 1995) and facilitate a comparison. Normal-year correction includes emissions from heating of buildings (but not cooling) and from electricity generation. The model used to calculate the need, depending on weather, for heating of buildings is described in more detail in reference [1] and later further elaborated in details [2]. The model for normal-year corrections of CO2- emissions from electricity production, including hydropower, is described in [3]. Actual and normal-year corrected fossil CO2-emissions caused by heating of buildings and electricity production is shown for 1990-2011 (preliminary data for fossil fuel consumption in 2011) in Figure 1. In Table 1 the normal-year corrections of fossil CO2-emissions (1000 tons CO2/year) in total and separated for electricity production (including electric heating) and heating of buildings (except electric heating) are shown. The correction shall be added to the actual emission to obtain the normal-year emission. The normal-year corrected total emissions of fossil CO2 for heating of buildings and electricity production were almost constant during the period 1990-1999. Since then the emissions have gradually decreased and were in 2009 about half of the levels during the period 1990-1999. For years 2010 and 2011 there is a tendency towards increasing values.Year Electricity production&heating Heating building excl el-heating Total normal-year correction 1990 1 315 1 943 3 258 1991 449 765 1 213 1992 877 1 425 2 302 1993 149 502 652 1994 -238 496 258 1995 484 342 826 1996 -1 338 -757 -2 095 1997 560 680 1 240 1998 760 325 1 085 1999 807 1 065 1 872 2000 1 708 1 619 3 326 2001 660 487 1 147 2002 191 901 1 092 2003 -133 662 529 2004 356 642 998 2005 733 859 1 592 2006 333 965 1 298 2007 478 991 1 469 2008 339 908 1 248 2009 230 626 855 2010 -398 -1 277 -1 674 2011 496 1 064 1 560 Normal-year corrections of fossil CO2 [1000 ton CO2/year]Table 1. Annual 1990-2011 (2011 preliminary data) calculated normal-year corrections of fossil CO2-emissions (1000 ton CO2/year). Values are given for the total correction as well as separated into heating of buildings (excluding electric heating) and electricity production (including electric heating). The correction shall be added to the actual emission to obtain the normal-year emission.REFERENCES[1] Persson C. Normalårskorrigering av Sveriges utsläpp av fossil CO2 från uppvärmning. Summary in English. Rapportserie SMED och SMED&SLU, Nr 1. 2004[2] Normalårskorrigering av fjärrvärmebränslen. Rapport till Naturvårdsverket. Profu AB 2006.[3] Holmberg J. & Axelsson J. Kortfattad metodbeskrivning – Normalårskorrigering av el. SwedPower. 2006 3
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12.
  • Wihlman, Thomas, 1949- (author)
  • Innovation in Municipal Welfare Services
  • 2014
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This thesis investigates, analyzes and discusses innovation efforts and the use and understanding of the innovation concept and related policies in municipal welfare services. There are two main themes in the study, policy and practice. It is based on interviews with employees and managers in four Swedish municipalities. Also, an analysis of related policy documents on both a national and local level was done. Methods used were document analysis, thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis.The results indicate differences between management levels in the view of innovation and what was achieved. Senior managers stressed the importance of innovation, but experienced obstacles in the form of old structures, ways of working, and employees lack of time for innovation. Employee innovations achieved were accordingly not acknowledged.Middle managers and employees experienced opportunities for employee-driven innovation (EDI). However, barriers such as time and lack of internal communication existed. The study suggests that an excessive control, insufficient empowerment and limited autonomy for employees may be of hindrance for innovation.Local authorities stressed the importance of innovation in strategic documents, but the dynamic resources of the municipalities were not used to support and develop innovation.Innovation procurement was prominent in central governmental policies, but concrete elements were otherwise missing. The documents were also influenced by New Public Management, for example on control and efficiency.Research on welfare services innovation is limited. The study contributes with an understanding of the challenges management meet and knowledge of what barriers and opportunities employees experience for their taking part in innovation. It also raises several fundamental questions about innovation in welfare services, such as if a different approach to innovation in welfare services may be needed as compared to other sectors or if innovation is less important in this context.This study develops welfare sector innovation research, from empirical knowledge to concept development and a better understanding of the conditions for innovation in welfare services. Further research is needed, addressing the question how innovation, if at all, ought to be managed within the context of welfare services.
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  • Result 11-12 of 12
Type of publication
journal article (5)
reports (2)
doctoral thesis (2)
editorial proceedings (1)
other publication (1)
licentiate thesis (1)
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Type of content
other academic/artistic (6)
peer-reviewed (6)
Author/Editor
Rehn, Magnus, 1972- (4)
Kastberg, Anders, 19 ... (3)
Syk, Ingvar (2)
Rosengren, Anders (2)
Verbova, Marina (2)
Rehn, Martin (2)
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Rehn, Helena (2)
Zelan, Martin, 1981- (2)
Krarup, Peter-Martin (2)
Asp, Magnus (2)
Saers, Robert, 1977- (2)
Borga, Magnus (1)
Rehn, Alf, Professor (1)
Agren, Magnus S. (1)
Porko-Hudd, Mia (1)
Ehrnström, Roy (1)
Persson, Christer (1)
Seidelin, Jakob B (1)
Dion, Claude (1)
Lansner, Anders (1)
Bergkvist, Sara (1)
Saers, Robert (1)
Lundh, Emil (1)
Rehn, Magnus (1)
Kastberg, Anders (1)
Borg, Kajsa (1)
Rehn, Karl-Gunnar (1)
Ågren, Magnus S (1)
Hagman, Henning, 198 ... (1)
Mäkelä, Esko (1)
Hartvik, Juha (1)
Sand-Dejmek, Janna (1)
Sandmark, Hélène, Do ... (1)
Lundh, E. (1)
Rehn, Martin, 1975- (1)
Kastberg, Anders, Pr ... (1)
Dion, Claude, Docent (1)
Kaivola, Matti, Prof ... (1)
Christensen, Lise H (1)
Bergkvist, S. (1)
Scheler, Thomas (1)
Grägg, Charlotte (1)
Wink, Magnus (1)
Wihlman, Thomas, 194 ... (1)
Hoppe, Magnus, Ekono ... (1)
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University
Umeå University (6)
Royal Institute of Technology (3)
Lund University (2)
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (2)
Mälardalen University (1)
Language
English (10)
Swedish (2)
Research subject (UKÄ/SCB)
Natural sciences (7)
Medical and Health Sciences (2)
Social Sciences (1)

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