| 11. |
- Bergmark, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based Methods in Rural Areas – Knowledge and National Guideline Utilization in Mental Health Service Development
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work. - : Routledge. - 1543-3714 .- 1543-3722 .- 2640-8066 .- 2640-8074. ; 19:2, s. 161-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To examine how rural municipalities develop services to people with serious mental illness in relation to evidence-based practice and national guidelines. Additional sources of knowledge and strategies used by the municipalities in relation to their development needs were explored as well.METHOD: Qualitative multiple-case approach, with 43 deep-interviews involving 84 informants representing selected social psychiatric services from 11 sites.RESULTS: National guidelines and evidence-based practices have a limited impact on how rural municipalities develop services to the target group. The municipalities favor other sources of knowledge, including regional networks, pragmatic problem-solving approaches and community-based knowledge.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Most of the informants expressed a need for more systematic and evidence-based knowledge in order to meet their clients’ needs. A major challenge to improve the utilization of these methods, is to make adaptions to match the rural municipalities’ needs and actual resources without risking the quality of these evidence-based services.
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| 12. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 13. |
- Butina, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Structural Properties Dictating Selective Optotracer Detection of Staphylococcus aureus
- 2022
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 23:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optotracers are conformation-sensitive fluorescent tracer molecules that detect peptide- and carbohydrate-based biopolymers. Their binding to bacterial cell walls allows selective detection and visualisation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Here, we investigated the structural properties providing optimal detection of S. aureus. We quantified spectral shifts and fluorescence intensity in mixes of bacteria and optotracers, using automatic peak analysis, cross-correlation, and area-under-curve analysis. We found that the length of the conjugated backbone and the number of charged groups, but not their distribution, are important factors for selective detection of S. aureus. The photophysical properties of optotracers were greatly improved by incorporating a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type motif in the conjugated backbone. With significantly reduced background and binding-induced on-switch of fluorescence, these optotracers enabled real-time recordings of S. aureus growth. Collectively, this demonstrates that chemical structure and photophysics are key tunable characteristics in the development of optotracers for selective detection of bacterial species.
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| 14. |
- Choong, Ferdinand X., et al.
(författare)
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Stereochemical Identification of Glucans by a Donor-Acceptor-Donor Conjugated Pentamer Enables Multi-Carbohydrate Anatomical Mapping in Plant Tissues
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 26:7, s. 4253-4264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optotracing is a novel method for analytical imaging of carbohydrates in plant and microbial tissues. This optical method applies structure-responsive oligothiophenes as molecular fluorophores emitting unique optical signatures when bound to polysaccharides. Herein, we apply Carbotrace680, a short length anionic oligothiophene with a central heterocyclic benzodithiazole (BTD) motif, to probe for different glucans. The donor-acceptor-donor type electronic structure of Carbotrace680 provides improved spectral properties compared to oligothiophenes due to the possibility of intramolecular charge-transfer transition to the BTD motif. This enables differentiation of glucans based on the glycosidic linkage stereochemistry. Thus -configured starch is readily differentiated from -configured cellulose. The versatility of optotracing is demonstrated by dynamic monitoring of thermo-induced starch remodelling, shown in parallel by spectrophotometry and microscopy of starch granules. Imaging of Carbotrace680 bound to multiple glucans in plant tissues provided direct identification of their physical locations, revealing the spatial relationship between structural (cellulose) and storage (starch) glucans at sub-cellular scale. Our work forms the basis for the development of superior optotracers for sensitive detection of polysaccharides. Our non-destructive method for anatomical mapping of glucans in biomass will serve as an enabling technology for developments towards efficient use of plant-derived materials and biomass.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ekman, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Skala upp den befintliga digitala vården i Sverige
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - Stockholm : Bonnier. - 1104-7488.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ge Socialstyrelsen ett nationellt uppdrag att beställa och ersätta vårdgivare av digital vård, föreslår en grupp forskare med anledning av covid-19.
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| 17. |
- Eurenius, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Social-emotional problems among three-year-olds differ based on the child's gender and custody arrangement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 1087-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate mental health with respect to social-emotional problems among three-year-olds in relation to their gender, custody arrangements and place of residence.METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based design was used, encompassing 7,179 three-year-olds in northern Sweden during the period 2014-2017 from the regional Salut Register. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed based on parents' responses on the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), supplemented with items on gender, custody arrangement and place of residence.RESULTS: Parental-reported social-emotional problems were found in almost 10% of the children. Boys were reported to have more problems (12.3%) than girls (5.6%) (p<0.001). Parents were most concerned about children's eating habits and interactions at mealtimes. Parents not living together reported more problems among their children than those living together (p<0.001). When stratifying by custody arrangement, girls in rural areas living alternately with each parent had more problems compared to those in urban areas (p<0.008).CONCLUSION: Gender and custody arrangements appear to be important factors for social-emotional problems among three-year-olds. Thus, such conditions should receive attention during preschool age, preferably by a systematic preventive strategy within Child Health Care.
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| 18. |
- Farah Mohamed, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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“Using Contraceptives Is Abandoning Our Culture” : A Qualitative Study of Contraceptive Use Among Somali Women in Finland
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Several studies have reported that Somalis have negative attitudes about using modern contraceptives. However, little attention has been paid to the differences in Somali women's attitudes toward contraceptives across generations and the attitude change happening overtime in Somali women's attitudes toward contraception. This study explores attitudes toward contraceptives and factors influencing contraceptive use, among first- and second-generation Somali women living in Finland.Methods: The study follows a qualitative design with data collection using in-depth interviews. Sixteen women were interviewed regarding their knowledge of, attitude toward, and use of contraceptives. Eight of the study participants were first-generation and eight were second-generation Somali women living in Finland. The data were analyzed using a thematic approach guided by a cultural anthropology framework.Results: Three main themes emerged in the data analysis: (1) Culture influencing Somali women's attitudes toward contraceptives; (2) information sources can work differently within the same cultural group; and (3) Somali women's perspectives on contraceptives change over time. Cultural, religion, taboo, and knowledge resources are used to understand the whole concept of Somali women's attitude toward and use of contraceptives. Hence, the study shows the diverse opinions of Somali women. According to the informants the main underlying factors influencing Somali women's attitudes toward contraceptives were education, culture, misinterpreted religion, and social pressure.Conclusions: According to the Finish resident women interviewed for this study, Somali culture do not support the use of modern contraceptives. Even though attitudes towards contraceptives are slowly changing, there is a need for SRH education, particularly among first-generation Somalis. Second-generation women are generally more open to the use of modern contraceptives. The study also draws attention to the need to improve the training of health care professionals regarding the handling of culturally sensitive topics such as contraception use.
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| 19. |
- Goicolea, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Protecting, managing and bending boundaries: a biomedicalization perspective on Swedish youth clinics’ responses to mental (ill) health
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sweden has provided around 300 youth clinics (YCs) to address the health needs of young people since the 1970s. During the last few years, and as part of an effort to strengthen mental healthcare for young people, YCs’ role in the provision of mental healthcare has been widely debated. With such debates as background, the aim of this study is to analyse Swedish YCs’ responses to the mental (ill) healthcare needs of young people, from the perspective of national level stakeholders.Methods: We used thematic analysis of interviews with eight national level stakeholders in the field of youth mental health in Sweden. Building upon the concept of biomedicalization we examined the discourses on mental (ill) health, healthcare and youth that such responses reproduce.Results: YCs engage in the three simultaneous, but at times contradictory, responses of protecting, managing and bending boundaries. Remaining true to their mission as a health-promotion service compels them to protect their boundaries and limit the type of mental health issues they address. However, the perceived malfunctioning of specialized services has led them to bend these boundaries to allow in more young people with severe mental health problems. Caught between protecting and bending boundaries, the response of managing boundaries to decide who should be allowed in and who should be sent elsewhere has emerged as a middle-way response. However, it is not free from conflicts.Conclusion: Building upon the concept of biomedicalization, this study poses two questions. The first relates to whether it is possible to support young people and their health without reinforcing discourses that represent young people as collectively at risk, and if so how this can be done. The second relates to the provision of mental healthcare for young people, and the need to identify conditions for integrating diagnosis and treatment within YCs, without hindering their holistic and youth-centred approach.
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| 20. |
- Goicolea, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Widening the scope of mental health with a 'youth centred' approach : a qualitative study involving health care professionals in Sweden’s youth clinics
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how health care providers at youth clinics (YCs) in Sweden engage with, focus on, and navigate across the mental health youth space, while upholding the core bedrock principle of "youth-centeredness".Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 health care professionals working in three YCs located in three different regions of Sweden. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by the work of Braun and Clarke.Results: The three themes were: 1) "youth mission-at the core of the YCs" work and challenged by a stronger involvement in mental ill health'; 2) "YCs" unique and complementary role in the youth mental health system: a holistic perspective, team work, and a focus on normalization', and 3) "Caught between a rock and a hard place: to treat at a care level that is not optimal for the young users" needs or to refer within an unreliable system'.Conclusion: This study reflects the individuality and key features of YCs, their widening roles within the mental health sphere, and the challenges faced in maintaining and expanding the characteristic "youth-centred" approach while expanding their work with mental health
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