| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Sebat, J, et al.
(author)
-
Large-scale copy number polymorphism in the human genome
- 2004
-
In: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 525-528
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The extent to which large duplications and deletions contribute to human genetic variation and diversity is unknown. Here, we show that large-scale copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) (about 100 kilobases and greater) contribute substantially to genomic variation between normal humans. Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis of 20 individuals revealed a total of 221 copy number differences representing 76 unique CNPs. On average, individuals differed by 11 CNPs, and the average length of a CNP interval was 465 kilobases. We observed copy number variation of 70 different genes within CNP intervals, including genes involved in neurological function, regulation of cell growth, regulation of metabolism, and several genes known to be associated with disease.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Ye, L L, et al.
(author)
-
Structural roughness and interface strain properties in Si/SiO2/poly-Si1-xGex tri-layer system with ultrathin oxide
- 2003
-
In: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics. - : Springer Science Business Media. - 0957-4522 .- 1573-482X. ; 14:4, s. 247-254
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have explored the microstructure and local interface strain in the poly-Si1-xGex/SiO2/Si tri-layer system with ultrathin oxides. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curves (HR-RC) and two-dimensional reciprocal space mapping (2D-RSM) were the main characterization tools. The poly-Si1-xGex/SiO2/Si structures have x=0, 0.2, and 0.35 for ultrathin oxides (2.0-3.0 nm). The result shows that for the adopted growth process, the poly grain size depends very strongly on the Ge concentration, and it increases with increasing Ge mole fraction. In turn, this increase of the grain size in the poly-Si1-xGex/SiO2/Si reduces the strain in the film, which then affects the interface strain at the lower SiO2/Si interface. In addition, the presence of defects at the SiO2/Si interface was found to be greater for samples with no local interface strain.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Zeng, Xiangbin, et al.
(author)
-
Impact of cadmium exposure on male sex hormones: a population-based study in China.
- 2004
-
In: Environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 96:3, s. 338-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure on the levels of serum sex hormones in a Chinese population group. A total of 263 male volunteers were included. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum testosterone (T), measured by radioimmunoassay, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), both measured by enzyme immunoassays. Urinary and blood Cd were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). We found a dose-response relationship between urinary Cd excretion and the prevalence of abnormally high serum T levels, but, through multiple regression analysis, we could not trace exposure to Cd as a significant determinant of serum T levels. Exposure to Cd also failed to influence the levels of FSH and LH in serum. In contrast, we found that age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits are significant determinants of FSH and LH and of T and LH, respectively. We conclude that oral Cd exposure is not a critical determinant of hormone homeostasis in males, but lifestyle and some biological factors, such as age and BMI, are important. The relationship found between urinary Cd and high T levels may be of importance for male reproductive morbidity and should be investigated further.
|
|
| 20. |
- Zhou, Ye, et al.
(author)
-
Reversible hydrophobic barriers introduced by microcontact printing : Application to protein microarrays
- 2004
-
In: Microchimica Acta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0026-3672 .- 1436-5073. ; 146:3-4, s. 193-205
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microcontact printing (µCP) has been used to introduce temporary hydrophobic barriers on carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) hydrogels on gold. Among the investigated types of inks, tetraoctadecylammonium bromide (TOAB), electrostatically bound to the CMD layer, provided the most well-defined features both with respect to pattern-definition and reversibility upon exposure to a regeneration solution. The printed patterns were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microscopic wetting and imaging null ellipsometry to explore the influence of concentration of ink solution and contact time on the appearance of the printed layer. AFM revealed that the printed TOAB molecules aggregated into clusters rather than into a homogeneous mono- or multilayer on the CMD hydrogel. It was also observed that printed areas of TOAB that are larger than 25?µm are inhomogeneous most likely because of an edge transfer lithography (ETL) mechanism. A protein model system based on Protein A-rabbit antimouse Fc ? was used to evaluate the potential of the patterned surface as a protein microarray chip by means of surface plasmon microscopy (SPM). Moreover, non-specific adsorption of several proteins onto TOAB barriers was also studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and it is evident that undesired adsorption can be eliminated by removing barriers after ligand immobilization, but prior to analyte exposure, by treating the patterned surface with a simple salt regeneration solution. © Springer-Verlag/Wien 2004.
|
|
