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- Mobarrez, F., et al.
(author)
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Microparticles and microscopic structures in three fractions of fresh cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia: Case report of twins
- 2013
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In: Schizophrenia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-9964 .- 1573-2509. ; 143:1, s. 192-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Schizophrenia is a diagnosis with a set of symptoms of aberrant psychological phenomena. Here, we discuss that there may be an imbalance of proteostasis of neurons in the brain leading to increase in membrane shedding and buildup of microparticles (MPs) appearing in the cerebrospinal fluid. The number of MPs can be determined and their phenotypes verified by size and membrane expression with flow cytometry. This is the first report of specified MPs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in schizophrenia. Two 56-year-old Swedish-born female monozygotic twins of Caucasian ethnicity with onset of schizophrenia more than 30 years ago were studied. Three fractions of fresh CSF were examined for microparticles by flow cytometry analysis, which measure the specific binding of antibodies to CD42a (platelet-MP; 33 GPIX), CD144 (endothelial-MP; Ve-cadherin), CD45 (leukocyte-MP; pan-leukocyte antigen) and of phosphatidylserine to lactadherin. The patients with schizophrenia displayed more phosphatidylserine-positive MPs in CSF compared with healthy control subjects. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) structures in CSF studied over a 3-year period in twins with schizophrenia were of similar appearance at both time points. The increased number of MPs in fresh CSF may be a sign of enhanced membrane shedding in the central nervous system. Such MPs can be investigated for both human and non-human DNA, RNA and microRNA that may activate different immune signaling systems in patients with schizophrenia. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Rydén, Lina, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke, and Silent Cerebrovascular Disease A Population-based MRI Study
- 2021
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In: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 97:16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Objectives Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the mechanisms behind these associations are not clear. Examination of cerebrovascular pathology on MRI may shed light on how AF affects the brain. This study aimed to determine whether AF is associated with a broad range of cerebrovascular diseases beyond the well-known association with symptomatic stroke, including silent infarcts and markers of small vessel disease, i.e., cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and lacunes, in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds. Methods Data were obtained from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, in which individuals are invited based on birthdate. This study has a cross-sectional design and includes individuals born in 1944 who underwent structural brain MRI in 2014 to 2017. AF diagnoses were based on self-report, ECG, and register data. Symptomatic stroke was based on self-report, proxy interviews, and register data. Brain infarcts and CMBs were assessed by a radiologist. WMH volumes were measured on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images with the Lesion Segmentation Tool. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the association between AF and infarcts/CMBs, and multivariable linear regression was used to study the association between AF and WMHs. Results A total of 776 individuals were included, and 65 (8.4%) had AF. AF was associated with symptomatic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-9.5) and MRI findings of large infarcts (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.5-15.9), lacunes (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.6), and silent brain infarcts (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.6-7.4). Among those with symptomatic stroke, individuals with AF had larger WMH volumes (0.0137 mL/total intracranial volume [TIV], 95% CI 0.0074-0.0252) compared to those without AF (0.0043 mL/TIV, 95% CI 0.0029-0.0064). There was no association between AF and WMH volumes among those without symptomatic stroke. In addition, AF was associated to CMBs in the frontal lobe. Discussion AF was associated with a broad range of cerebrovascular pathologies. Further research is needed to establish whether cerebrovascular MRI markers can be added to current treatment guidelines to further personalize anticoagulant treatment in patients with AF and to further characterize the pathogenetic processes underlying the associations between AF and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as dementia.
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- Thalén, B. E., et al.
(author)
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Release of corticotropin after administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients in relation to the dexamethasone suppression test
- 1993
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 87:2, s. 133-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The possible hypersecretion involvement of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the pathophysiology of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis disturbances in patients with major depressive episode and with an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was investigated. The corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol response to the injection of 45 micrograms of synthetic human CRH at 1630 were analyzed in 24 inpatients with normal (suppressors) or abnormal (nonsuppressors) DST. The outcome of the DST was analyzed using 3 cut-off points for the cortisol levels. The clinical assessments included two rating scales. The results showed that nonsuppressors had a significantly lower ACTH response to CRH stimulation than suppressors at all cut-off points (calculated as net area under the curve and as the difference between the peak and the baseline level) despite no significant differences in the severity of depression.
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