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- Malmberg Gavelin, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Neural activation in stress-related exhaustion : cross-sectional observations and interventional effects
- 2017
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In: Psychiatry Research. - Clare : Elsevier. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 269, s. 17-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association between burnout and neural activation during working memory processing in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Additionally, we investigated the neural effects of cognitive training as part of stress rehabilitation. Fifty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of exhaustion disorder were administered the n-back task during fMRI scanning at baseline. Ten patients completed a 12-week cognitive training intervention, as an addition to stress rehabilitation. Eleven patients served as a treatment-as-usual control group. At baseline, burnout level was positively associated with neural activation in the rostral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex and the striatum, primarily in the 2-back condition. Following stress rehabilitation, the striatal activity decreased as a function of improved levels of burnout. No significant association between burnout level and working memory performance was found, however, our findings indicate that frontostriatal neural responses related to working memory were modulated by burnout severity. We suggest that patients with high levels of burnout need to recruit additional cognitive resources to uphold task performance. Following cognitive training, increased neural activation was observed during 3-back in working memory-related regions, including the striatum, however, low sample size limits any firm conclusions.
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| 3. |
- Sundstrom, C., et al.
(author)
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High-intensity therapist-guided internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for alcohol use disorder: a pilot study
- 2017
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In: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A large proportion of individuals with alcohol problems do not seek psychological treatment, but access to such treatment could potentially be increased by delivering it over the Internet. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is widely recognized as one of the psychological treatments for alcohol problems for which evidence is most robust. This study evaluated a new, therapist-guided internet-based CBT program (entitled ePlus) for individuals with alcohol use disorders. Methods: Participants in the study (n = 13) were recruited through an alcohol self-help web site (www.alkoholhjalpen.se) and, after initial internet screening, were diagnostically assessed by telephone. Eligible participants were offered access to the therapist-guided 12-week program. The main outcomes were treatment usage data (module completion, treatment satisfaction) as well as glasses of alcohol consumed the preceding week, measured with the self-rated Timeline Followback (TLFB). Participant data were collected at screening (T0), immediately pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and 3 months post-treatment (T3). Results: Most participants were active throughout the treatment and found it highly acceptable. Significant reductions in alcohol consumption with a large within-group effect size were found at the three-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures of craving and self-efficacy, as well as depression and quality of life, also showed significant improvements with moderate to large within-group effect sizes. Conclusions: Therapist-guided internet-based CBT may be a feasible and effective alternative for people with alcohol use disorders. In view of the high acceptability and the large within-group effect sizes found in this small pilot, a randomized controlled trial investigating treatment efficacy is warranted.
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- Ettema, Dick, et al.
(author)
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Season and Weather Effects on Travel-Related Mood and Travel Satisfaction.
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines the effects of season and weather on mood (valence and activation) and travel satisfaction (measured by the Satisfaction with Travel Scale). Analyses are presented of 562 time-sampled morning commutes to work made by 363 randomly sampled people in three different Swedish cities asking them to use smartphones to report their mood in their home before and directly after the commutes. These reports as well as satisfaction with the commute obtained in summer and winter are linked to weather data and analyzed by means of fixed-effects regression analyses. The results reveal main effects of weather (temperature and precipitation) on mood and travel satisfaction (temperature, sunshine, precipitation, and wind speed). The effects of weather on mood and travel satisfaction differ depending on travel mode. Temperature leads to a more positive mood, wind leads to higher activation for public transport users, and sunshine leads to a more negative mood for cyclists and pedestrians. Sunshine and higher temperatures make travel more relaxed although not for cycling and walking, and rain and snow lead to a higher cognitive assessed quality of travel.
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HBTQ+ : psykologiska perspektiv och bemötande
- 2017. - 1
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Heteronormen, cisnormen och mononormen – varför bör vi känna till dem? Hur kan behandlare skapa ett samtalsklimat där klienterna kan känna sig trygga? Vilken kunskap om hbtq+-personers livsvillkor behövs för ett professionellt bemötande? Och varför räcker inte bara empati?Den här boken tar ett omfattande grepp om frågor som rör homo, bi, trans, queer och en rad andra identitetskategorier som alla relaterar till sexualitet, relationsbildning, kön och könsuttryck – i boken samlade under akronymen hbtq+. Trots en positiv utveckling i samhället leder minoritetsstress fortfarande till ökad ohälsa hos hbtq+-personer, och kunskapsluckorna är stora inom samhälls- och vårdinstanser. Författarna sätter in dessa frågor i ett historiskt och teoretiskt ramverk och gör en grundläggande genomgång av aspekter som rör hälsa och ohälsa i relation till hbtq+. Fördjupande kapitel rör områden som barn och ungdomar, föräldraskap och migration. Praktisk kunskap om professionellt bemötande tas upp och handfasta råd vägleder läsaren. Boken vänder sig till dig som är studerande eller verksam inom ett människovårdande yrke.HBTQ+ är skriven av flera av Sveriges mest kunniga psykologer och forskare inom området. Antologins redaktörer är Tove Lundberg, leg. psykolog, fil.dr och forskare vid Lunds universitet; Anna Malmquist, leg. psykolog, fil.dr och forskare vid Linköpings universitet; Matilda Wurm, examinerad psykolog och doktorand i psykologi vid Örebro universitet.
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| 6. |
- Österberg, Johan, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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The Path to Job Satisfaction : Applying the Theory of Purposeful Behavior to Military Conditions
- 2017
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In: Journal of Defense Resources Management. - Romania. - 2068-9403 .- 2247-6466. ; 8:1, s. 27-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between, on one hand,personality and performance orientation and, on the other, job satisfaction andturnover intentions, using Barrick’s et al. theory of purposeful behavior. Using aquestionnaire, data about job satisfaction, performance orientation and turnover intentions were collected from 300 newly recruited Swedish soldiers. A path analysis gave partial, but not full support to the assumptions behind the theory of purposeful behavior model. No relationships were found between the personality traits of emotional stability and conscientiousness, nor to either performance orientation or directly to job satisfaction. On the other hand, performance orientation showed a consistent relationship to perceived levels of the job characteristics, which mediated the path between the person-related variables and the outcome variables.Performance orientation also showed a strong direct relationship to general job satisfaction, which, in turn, was strongly related to turnover intentions.
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| 7. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(author)
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The effects of approach and avoidance states on lie-detection accuracy
- 2017
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In: 18th General Meeting of the European Association of Social Psychology, Granada, Spain, 5-8 July, 2017.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Three experiments examined perceivers’ lie-detection performance under different self-regulatory states. Overall, participants in approach and avoidance states did not differ in their ability to discriminate between truthful and deceptive messages, but approach participants displayed impaired performance relative to controls.
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| 8. |
- Badinlou, Farzaneh, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Developmental differences in episodic memory across school ages : Evidence from enacted events performed by self and others
- 2017
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In: Memory. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 25:1, s. 84-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine action memory as a form of episodic memory among school-aged subjects. Most research on action memory has focused on memory changes in adult populations. This study explored the action memory of children over time. A total of 410 school-aged child participants, comprising 201 girls and 208 boys in four age groups (8, 10, 12, 14), were included in this study. We studied two forms of action encoding, subject-performed tasks (SPTs) and experimenter-performed tasks (EPTs), which were compared with one verbal encoding task as a control condition. At retrieval, we used three memory tests (free recall, cued recall, and recognition). We observed significant differences in memory performance in children aged 8-14 years with respect to free recall and cued recall but not recognition. The largest memory enhancement was observed for the SPTs in the 8-14-year-old participants under all test conditions. Participants performed equally well on the free recall of SPTs and EPTs, whereas they displayed better performances on the cued recall and recognition of SPTs compared to EPTs. The strategic nature of SPTs and the distinction between item-specific information and relational information are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Bokenberger, Kathleen, et al.
(author)
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Shift work and cognitive aging : A longitudinal study
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH). - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 43:5, s. 485-493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives The few studies of shift work and late life cognitive functioning have yielded mixed findings. The aim of the present study is to estimate the association between shift-work experience and change in cognitive performance before and after retirement age among older adults who were gainfully employed.Methods Five hundred and ninety five participants with no dementia were followed up for a mean of 17.6 standard deviation (SD) 8.8 years from a Swedish population-based sample. Participants had self-reported information on any type of shift-work experience (ever/never) in 1984 and measures of cognitive performance (verbal, spatial, memory, processing speed, and general cognitive ability) from up to 9 waves of cognitive assessments during 1986–2012. Night work history (ever/never) from 1998–2002 was available from a subsample (N=320). Early adult cognitive test scores were available for 77 men.Results In latent growth curve modeling, there were no main effects of "any-type" or night shift work on the mean scores or rate of change in any of the cognitive domains. An interaction effect between any-type shift work and education on cognitive performance at retirement was noted. Lower-educated shift workers performed better on cognitive tests than lower-educated day workers at retirement. Sensitivity analyses, however, indicated that the interactions appeared to be driven by selection effects. Lower-educated day workers demonstrated poorer cognitive ability in early adulthood than lower-educated shift workers, who may have selected jobs entailing higher cognitive demand.Conclusion There was no difference in late-life cognitive aging between individuals with a history of working shifts compared to those who had typical day work schedules during midlife.
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