| 1. |
- Shahnavaz, Shervin, et al.
(author)
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Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Dental Anxiety : Open Trial
- 2018
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In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based method for treating specific phobias, but access to treatment is difficult, especially for children and adolescents with dental anxiety. Psychologist-guided Internet-based CBT (ICBT) may be an effective way of increasing accessibility while maintaining treatment effects.Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that psychologist-guided ICBT improves school-aged children’s and adolescents’ ability to manage dental anxiety by (1) decreasing avoidance and affecting the phobia diagnosis and (2) decreasing the dental fear and increasing the target groups’ self-efficacy. The study also aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of this novel treatment.Methods: This was an open, uncontrolled trial with assessments at baseline, posttreatment, and the 1-year follow-up. The study enrolled and treated 18 participants. The primary outcome was level of avoidance behaviors, as measured by the picture-guided behavioral avoidance test (PG-BAT). The secondary outcome was a diagnostic evaluation with the parents conducted by a psychologist. The specific phobia section of the structured interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) was used. Other outcome measures included level of dental anxiety and self-efficacy. The ICBT, which employed exposure therapy, comprised 12 modules of texts, animations, dentistry-related video clips, and an exercise package (including dental instruments). Participants accessed the treatment through an Internet-based treatment platform and received Web-based guidance from a psychologist. Treatment also included training at dental clinics. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by measures of engagement, adherence, compliance, completed measures, patient and parent satisfaction scale, and staff acceptability.Results: The level of avoidance (according to the primary outcome measure PG-BAT) and dental anxiety decreased and self-efficacy increased significantly (P<.001), within-group effect sizes for both the primary outcome (Cohen d=1.5), and other outcomes were large in the range of 0.9 and 1.5. According to K-SADS-PL, 53% (8/15) of the participants were free from diagnosable dental anxiety at the 1-year follow-up. At the 1-year follow-up, improvements were maintained and clinically significant, with 60% (9/15) of participants who had been unable to manage intraoral injection of local anesthetics before ICBT reporting having accomplished this task at a dental clinic. The target group showed improvement in all the outcome measures. High levels of feasibility and acceptability were observed for the treatment.Conclusions: ICBT is a promising and feasible treatment for dental anxiety in children and adolescents. Integrating it into routine pediatric dental care would increase access to an effective psychological treatment. The results of this open trial must be replicated in controlled studies.
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Marcus, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Flotation REST as a Stress Reduction Method : The Effects on Anxiety, Muscle Tension, and Performance
- 2018
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In: Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. - : Human Kinetics. - 1932-9261 .- 1932-927X. ; 12:3, s. 333-346
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of flotation REST upon skilled and less skilled golfers’ anxiety in terms of physiological indicators of stress, self-rated anxiety scores, muscle tension, and the effect on golf putting. Prior to performing the putting task participants underwent a treatment of flotation REST or a period of resting in an armchair. Participants completed both treatments in a randomized order with a two-week interval. The results showed that both flotation REST and the armchair treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate, with no differences between treatments or athlete skill levels. No significant differences between treatments were revealed regarding self-ratings, level of muscle tension or putting precision. The results indicate that flotation REST may be useful for reducing negative symptoms related to stress and anxiety in general; however, no support for direct positive effects on golf performance were found.
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| 3. |
- Martins Silva Ramos, Érika, 1991, et al.
(author)
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An empirical investigation of attitudes towards daily commuting transportation: the impacts of travel satisfaction, driving habits and social desirability.
- 2018
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In: The 29th International Congress of Applied Psychology, June 26-30, Montréal, Canada.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background/Rational Every day people decide how to travel to their out-of-home activities. What is important for them when choosing the mode of transportation? Are those things predictors of attitudes towards modes of transportation along with driving habits and satisfaction with daily travel? Does being more or less satisfied affect people’s attitudes? Method A survey was mailed to a sample of 3,000 Swedish residents in rural, semi-rural and urban areas. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: driving habits, satisfaction, important aspects when choosing mode of daily commuting and socio-demographics measurements. Results Factor analysis was conducted regarding “satisfaction with daily commuting”, “important aspects for mode choice of commuting” and “driving habits” (KMO = .74; .76; 79, respectively). The retained factors were used in multiple regressions analyses as predictors of attitudes towards car, public transport and bike (R2 = .32; .11; .16, respectively). Conclusions “Driving habits” was the main predictor for attitudes towards car while “socially desirable aspects” was the most important factor to predict attitudes towards public transport and bike. Living in big cities negatively affected attitudes toward car and satisfaction with daily commuting was a minor predictor for all modes of transportation. Action/Impact Attitudes towards modes of commuting are predicted by people’s habits and what they value as important when commuting. Knowing what they value when choosing modes of transportation gives support to implement accurate and effective interventions, policies and new services that promote sustainability in transportation.
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| 4. |
- Strandlund, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Otrygghet – oro – ohälsa? En studie bland handelsanställda
- 2018
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 24:1-2, s. 27-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inom detaljhandeln har alternativa anställningar såsom behovs- och deltidsarbeten blivit allt vanligare. Dessa anställningar kan kombineras på flera sätt och är ofta svåra att särskilja. Föreliggande studie undersöker olika anställningssituationer inom handeln, vad som karakteriserar individer som innehar dessa anställningar samt om deras upplevelser av ekonomisk oro, anställningsotrygghet och självskattad hälsa skiljer sig åt. Data samlades in via en webbenkät. Med klusteranalys identifierades sex åtskilda anställningssituationer bland urvalet (N=138). Analyser av mellangruppsskillnader indikerade att de anställningssituationer som var förknippade med mest utsatthet var nollkontraktsanställda samt tillsvidareanställda på deltid, i jämförelse med tillsvidare- och timanställda studenter som verkade vara minst utsatta.
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| 5. |
- Pernebo, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Outcomes of psychotherapeutic and psychoeducative group interventions for children exposed to intimate partner violence
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 79, s. 213-223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Witnessing violence toward a caregiver during childhood is associated with negative impact on children's health and development, and there is a need for effective interventions for children exposed to intimate partner violence in clinical as well as in community settings. The current effectiveness study investigated symptom reduction after participation in two established group interventions (one community-based psychoeducative intervention; one psychotherapeutic treatment intervention) for children exposed to intimate partner violence and for their non-offending parent. The study included 50 children—24 girls and 26 boys—aged 4–13 years and their mothers. Child and maternal mental health problems and trauma symptoms were assessed pre- and post-treatment. The results indicate that although children showed benefits from both interventions, symptom reduction was larger in the psychotherapeutic intervention, and children with initially high levels of trauma symptoms benefited the most. Despite these improvements, a majority of the children's mothers still reported child trauma symptoms at clinical levels post-treatment. Both interventions substantially reduced maternal post-traumatic stress. The results indicate a need for routine follow-up of children's symptoms after interventions.
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| 6. |
- Takšić, Vladimir, et al.
(author)
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Cross-cultural studies of trait emotional intelligence using the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire
- 2018
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In: Emotional intelligence. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781536133257 ; , s. 29-64
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When translating and adapting psychological measures in different countries, besides the problem of language translations, there are several other problems a researcher has to be aware of, since there are some common methodological problems that all cross-cultural studies share. The Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire (ESCQ; Takšić, 1998) was developed in Croatian settings using the theoretical framework from the Mayer and Salovey emotional intelligence model (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). The ESCQ consists of 45 items, divided into three subscales which measure: the ability to Perceive and Understand emotions, the ability to Express and Label emotions, and the ability to Manage and Regulate emotions. The ESCQ is used in a large number of studies and has showed satisfying psychometric characteristics. It was translated and validated in several countries (Avsec, Takšić & Mohorić, 2009; Faria at al., 2006; Costa & Faria, 2016). In different cross-cultural studies, the ESCQ was applied to a large sample of university students, confirming the three-factor [BM1] structure. The question of cultural impact on the items in the ESCQ was examined by Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses. In the chapter, common cross-cultural methodology and statistical procedures performed on ESCQ data in various countries will be compared and discussed.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Task Demands on Olfactory, Auditory, and Visual Event-Related Potentials Suggest Similar Top-Down Modulation Across Senses
- 2018
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In: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 43:2, s. 129-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A widely held view is that top-down modulation of sensory information relies on an amodal control network that acts through the thalamus to regulate incoming signals. Olfaction lacks a direct thalamic projection, which suggests that it may differ from other modalities in this regard. We investigated the late positive complex (LPC) amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERP) from 28 participants, elicited by intensity-matched olfactory, auditory and visual stimuli, during a condition of focused attention, a neutral condition, and a condition in which stimuli were to be actively ignored. Amplitudes were largest during the attend condition, lowest during the ignore condition, with the neutral condition in between. A Bayesian analysis resulted in strong evidence for similar effects of task across sensory modalities. We conclude that olfaction, despite its unique neural projections, does not differ from audition and vision in terms of task-dependent neural modulation of the LPC.
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| 9. |
- Bergman Nordgren, Lise, et al.
(author)
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Polariserad debatt om riktlinjer skymmer viktiga frågor
- 2018
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 115:37, s. 1372-1372
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Debatten om Socialstyrelsens nya riktlinjer för ångest och depression har varit polariserad och inte konstruktiv. Diskussionen bör inte handla om PDT eller KBT utan om evidensbaserade metoder och kompetensbrist.
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| 10. |
- Geurts, Renate, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Interviewing to manage threats: Exploring the effects of interview style on information gain and threateners’ counter-interview strategies
- 2018
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In: Journal of Threat Assessment and Management. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2169-4850 .- 2169-4842. ; 5:4, s. 189-204
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is consensus about the importance to engage with, and if possible interview, individuals who threaten to cause harm. However, there exist little research on how to conduct such interviews. This paper contributes with an experimental approach on threat management interviewing. We explored what types of counter-interview strategies threateners employ, and we tested the efficacy of two common interview styles (direct interviewing vs. rapport-based interviewing). Participants (N = 120) were interviewed about a non-violent threat they had made (to press charges against their former employer) and reported what strategies they had used during the interview. No differences were found between the interview protocols for threat management outcomes (i.e., information gain, use of counter-interview strategies, and willingness to discuss or enact the threat). However, the study showed how threateners struck a deliberate balance between proving their stand and disguising implementation details. Critically, individuals with more serious intentions to enact the threat were more inclined to hide information from the interviewer. We argue that it is vital for threat management interviewers to i) understand what behaviors can be expected from the interviewee, and ii) learn about interview methods that can steer these behaviors towards information gain (which is beneficial to threat assessment) and towards de-escalation (which is the purpose of threat management).
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