| 1. |
- Haas, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Policy is not enough : the influence of the gendered workplace on fathers' use of parental leave in Sweden
- 2019
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In: Community, Work and Family. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 22:1, s. 58-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paid parental leave for fathers is a promising social policy tool for degendering the division of labor for childcare. Swedish fathers have had the right to paid parental leave since 1974, but they take only one-fourth of leave days parents take. There are strong cultural norms supporting involved fatherhood, so couples typically want to share leave more than they do. This article explores how workplaces can constrain Swedish fathers' use of state leave policy, in ways that fathers can take for granted, a topic that has received less attention than individual or family-related obstacles. Based on interviews with 56 employees in five large private companies, we found that masculine workplace norms can make it difficult for fathers to choose to take much leave, while aspects of traditional workplace structure building on these norms can negatively affect fathers' capabilities of taking much leave. Workplace culture and structure seemed to be based on assumptions that the ideal worker should prioritize work and has limited caregiving responsibilities, setting limits to fathers' ability to share leave with mothers. Gender theorists suggest such assumptions persist because of male dominance at the workplace and the endurance of gendered assumptions about the roles of men and women.
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| 2. |
- Kapetanovic, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Aspects of the Parent–Adolescent Relationship and Associations With Adolescent Risk Behaviors Over Time
- 2019
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In: Journal of family psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-3200 .- 1939-1293. ; 33:1, s. 1-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parents' actions and knowledge of adolescents' whereabouts play key roles in preventing risk behaviors in early adolescence, but what enables parents to know about their adolescents' activities and what links there are to adolescent risk behaviors, such as substance use and delinquent behavior, remain unclear. In this study,we investigated whether different aspects of the parent–adolescent relationship predict parental knowledge, and we examined the direct and indirect longitudinal associations between these aspects of the parent–dolescent relationship and adolescents' self-reported delinquent behavior and substance use. The participants were 550 parents and their adolescent children from two small and two midsized municipalities in Sweden. Parental data were collected when the adolescents were 13 years old (mean), and adolescent data on riskbehaviors were collected on two occasions, when they were 13 and 14 years of age (mean). Structural path analyses revealed that adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control predicted parental knowledge, with adolescent disclosure being the strongest source of parental knowledge and the strongest negative predictor of adolescent risk behaviors. Parenting competence and adolescents' connectedness to parents were indirectly, through adolescent disclosure and parental solicitation and parental control, associated with substance use and delinquent behavior. Some paths differed for boys and girls. In conclusion, confident parenting and a close parent–adolescent relationship in which adolescent disclosure is promoted, seem protective of adolescent engagement in risk behaviors
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| 3. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Burnout symptoms and recovery processes in eight elite soccer coaches over 10 years
- 2019
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In: International journal of sports science & coaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1747-9541 .- 2048-397X. ; 14:4, s. 431-443
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elite sport can be stressful, which increases the risk for burnout symptoms to develop. Especially when not balanced with sufficient recovery. To study the burnout–recovery process, eight elite soccer coaches were followed for 10 years. All eight were active elite coaches at the inception of this study and reported elevated emotional exhaustion scores on Maslach’s Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The coaches completed MBI-ES three additional times (year 3, 7, and 10), and they were also interviewed on the same occasions. At the 3-year follow-up, seven of the eight coaches reduced their exhaustion scores. The coach presenting with unchanged scores both at the 3 - and 7-year follow-up was the only one still coaching at the elite level. All coaches revealed during the interviews that they struggled to manage their work–life balance well; some worked too many hours, some experienced difficulty in managing conflicting role-demands, and some wrestled with external pressures. Their approach to recovery was, however, similar. Apart from moving away from coaching at the elite level, they unanimously mentioned that they changed their approach to coaching to make recovery possible. They achieved the latter by, for example, increasing control and delegating responsibility. According to our longitudinal results, burnout frequently regarded as an end-state can decrease over time. Provided that decisive action is taken to change situational factors and personal demands. This frequently meant withdrawing from coaching, which in turn explains why coach retention remains a serious challenge for most organizations with teams/athletes competing at the elite level. © The Author(s) 2019.
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| 4. |
- Haas, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Workplace support and European fathers' use of state policies promoting shared childcare
- 2019
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In: Community, Work and Family. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 22:1, s. 1-22
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Social policies such as paternity leave and parental leave offer fathers the opportunity to be more involved in childcare than earlier generations of fathers. While such policies are increasingly offered by governments around the world, research by the International Network on Leave Policies and Research shows that many European fathers do not take advantage of these benefits, despite fathers' growing interest in participation in early childcare. This article introduces a special issue devoted to understanding how the workplace can impact European fathers' interest in and abilities to take leave, a topic that has received relatively little research attention. The articles in the special issue suggest that barriers to European fathers' leavetaking are deeply embedded in workplace culture and work practices and will be difficult to eradicate without a dramatic challenge to the concept of the male ideal worker, who prioritizes work above family.
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| 5. |
- Kapetanovic, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Differences in parents' and adolescents' reports on parental knowledge and longitudinal associations to adolescents' psychological problems
- 2019
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Healthy parent-adolescent relationships are central for positive adolescent development. However, parents and their adolescentchildren often perceive the aspects of their relationship differently. This could stem from underlying problems in parentadolescent relationship, which in turn is related to poor adolescent behavior or health. In this study, we investigate in what waydisagreement between parents' and adolescent reports on adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, control and knowledgeare longitudinally related with psychological problems (internalizing and externalizing) and well-being in adolescence.Data from matching parent and child dyads (n=477), from the research program LoRDIA were included. The adolescents' meanage was 13.0 years (SD = 0.56) at T1 and 14.30 years (SD = 0.61) at T2, evenly distributed between boys (51.6%) and girls (48.4%)at baseline. Discrepancy score was calculated by subtracting child's score from the parent's score, meaning that higher scoreindicated that a parent responded with a higher number than the child.Structural analyses showed that higher levels of adolescent disclosure discrepancy were related to higher levels of adolescentinternalizing problems and lower levels of adolescent well-being over time. Higher levels of parental solicitation discrepancywere related to higher levels of adolescent externalizing problems over time and lower levels of well-being. Parental controldiscrepancy was related to lower levels of externalizing and internalizing problems at T1. Parental knowledge discrepancy wasrelated to higher levels of adolescent well-being over time and to higher levels of adolescent externalizing problems at T1.Discrepancies in parents' and adolescents' reports of aspects in their relationship matter in terms of healthy adolescentdevelopment. Adolescent healthy development is harmed when parents overestimate the level of knowledge of adolescentwhereabouts and parent-adolescent communication. However, when parents rate their behavioral control higher than theiradolescents, the adolescents tend to show less psychological problems.
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| 6. |
- Kapetanovic, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Does one size fit all? : Linking parenting wirh adolescent substgance use and adolescent temperament
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Parenting strategies, such as solicitation and behavioral control, as well as adolescent voluntary disclosure of their everyday activities can be protective of adolescent substance use involvement. But is that true for all adolescents? In this study, we explore whether adolescent temperament moderates the longitudinal associations between adolescent disclosure, parental knowledge, parental solicitation, parental control and adolescent substance use. We used longitudinal data from (N = 1373) early-adolescent Swedish youth of 13.02 years of age at the baseline (51.6 % girls). We performed cluster analysis to identify temperament configurations (of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence) and conducted cross-lagged panel design to test the reciprocal associations between the constructs. Multi-group analyses were used to test moderation by temperament. Main results showed five distinct temperament clusters: detached and fearless, unstable, avoidant, sociable thrill-seekers, social and content. The bidirectional, negative associations between adolescent disclosure and substance use, and the positive longitudinal link between parental solicitation and adolescent substance use were moderated by temperament cluster. The link between T1 adolescent disclosure and T2 substance use was significant for adolescents in the detached and fearless and the unstable cluster, whereas the negative link between T1 adolescent substance use and T2 adolescent disclosure and the positive link between T1 parental solicitation and T2 substance use were significant for adolescents in the detached and fearless cluster. Individuals and their contexts, in this case adolescents and their parents, are dynamically interactive in the process of an individual's development. We suggest that parental soliciting efforts may be disadvantageous, while open communication between parents and adolescent is beneficial for adolescent psychosocial development, especially for adolescents who rate high in thrill-seeking, fearlessness, and low in sociability, thus detached and fearless adolescents.
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| 7. |
- Kapetanovic, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Delinquency : Unraveling Within-Family Processes from Between-Family Differences.
- 2019
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In: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 48:9, s. 1707-1723
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the factors that predict adolescent delinquency is a key topic in parenting research. An open question is whether prior results indicating relative differences between families reflect the dynamic processes occurring within families. Therefore, this study investigated concurrent and lagged associations among parental behavioral control, parental solicitation, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent delinquency by separating between-family and within-family effects in three-wave annual data (N = 1515; Mage = 13.01 years at T1; 50.6% girls). At the within-family level, parental behavioral control negatively predicted adolescent delinquency. Adolescent disclosure and delinquency, and adolescent disclosure and parental solicitation, reciprocally predicted each other. Parental solicitation negatively predicted parental behavioral control. The findings indicate a prominent role of adolescent disclosure in within-family processes concerning parental-adolescent communication and adolescent delinquency.
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| 8. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Contest-based and norm-based interventions: (How) do they differ in attitudes, norms, and behaviors?
- 2019
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Setting up a contest is a popular means to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Yet, research on contest-based interventions is scarce while norm-based interventions have gained much attention. In two field experiments, we randomly assigned 79 apartments to either a contest-based or a norm-based electricity conservation intervention and measured kWh usage for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Results from both studies showed that contest-based interventions promote intensive but short-lived electricity saving. In Study 1 apartments assigned to a norm-based intervention showed more stable electricity saving (low intensity and long-lasting). Study 2 did not replicate this finding, but supported that participants in the norm-based intervention also engaged in non-targeted behaviors. These results emphasize the importance of identifying how different intervention techniques may activate different goals, framing both how people think about and act upon targeted pro-environmental behaviors.
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| 9. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Experiencing a severe weather event increases concern about climate change
- 2019
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change is primarily driven by human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and may therefore be mitigated by changes to human behavior (Clayton et al., 2015; IPCC, 2018). Despite efforts to raise awareness and concern about climate change, GHG emissions continue to rise (IPCC, 2018). Climate change seems to be at odds with the immediate, present threats to which humans are adapted to cope (Gifford et al., 2009; Schultz, 2014; van Vugt et al., 2014). In contrast to immediate dangers, climate change is typically abstract, large scale, slow and often unrelated to the welfare of our daily lives (e.g., Ornstein and Ehrlich, 1989; Gifford, 2011). But there are moments when the consequences of climate change are readily apparent, such as extreme weather events. In the current paper, we examine the impact of personal experience with an extreme weather event, and the impact of this experience on beliefs about climate change, and intentions to take actions that can help prepare for and mitigate the consequences of climate change.
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| 10. |
- Hallberg, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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A Randomized Controlled Study of Group-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hypersexual Disorder in Men
- 2019
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In: Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1743-6095 .- 1743-6109. ; 16:5, s. 733-745
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hypersexual disorder (HD) is defined as a condition in which the individual loses control over engagement in sexual behaviors, leading to distress and negative effects on key life areas. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been proven to reduce symptoms of hypersexual behavior; however, no randomized controlled study of CBT interventions for HD has been reported previously. Aim: To investigate the efficacy of group-administered CBT for HD. Methods: Male participants (n = 137) diagnosed with HD, were randomized between 7 weeks of group-administered CBT (n = 70) and a waitlist control receiving the intervention after 8 weeks (n = 67). Measurements were administered at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment, with follow-up after 3 and 6 months. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (HD: CAS), and secondary outcomes were the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) and measures of depression (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S), psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), and treatment satisfaction (CSQ-8). Results: A significantly greater decrease in HD symptoms and sexual compulsivity, as well as significantly greater improvements in psychiatric well-being, were found for the treatment condition compared with the waitlist. These effects remained stable at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Clinical Implications: CBT can ameliorate HD symptoms and psychiatric distress, suggesting that the CBT program may serve as a first-line treatment in clinical settings. Strengths & Limitations: This is the first randomized controlled study evaluating the efficacy of a CBT programin a rather large sample of HD-specific diagnosed men. The long-termtreatment effects are vague due to the low response rate on follow-up measurements, and the efficacy of this program for hypersexual women remains unknown. Conclusion: This study supports the efficacy of a group-administered CBT program as a treatment option for HD; however, future studies should include women, comprise dismantling analysis of the constituting interventions, and evaluate other treatment formats, for example, administration via the Internet. Copyright (C) 2019, International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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