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- Atorkey, Prince, et al.
(author)
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Clustering of multiple health risk behaviours and association with socio-demographic characteristics and psychological distress among adolescents in Ghana : a latent class analysis
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 28:Suppl. 1, s. S166-S166
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background/purpose: This study examined the prevalence of multiple health risk behaviours, the clustering patterns of health risk behaviours, and the association between socio-demographic characteristics, psychological distress and clusters among adolescents in Ghana.Methods: Participants were senior high school (SHS) students aged 11-19 years who participated in the 2012 Global School-based Students Health Survey (n = 1763). Five health risk behaviours (smoking tobacco, inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, alcohol intake and physical inactivity) were measured. Latent class analysis and latent regression were used to identify the clusters and factors associated with the clusters respectively.Results: The prevalence of multiple health risk behaviours (2 or more) was 94.8%. Two clusters emerged: cluster1 ("Poor nutrition, inactive, low substance use cluster";91%); cluster 2 ("High Risk Cluster"; 9%). Using cluster 1 as a reference group, adolescents in the 11-15 years category had lower odds of belonging to cluster 2 (OR = 0.21, CI 0.05-0.91,ρ= 0.036) while those experiencing symptoms of depression had higher odds of belonging to cluster 2 (OR = 2.45, CI 1.45-4.14,ρ=0.001.Conclusions and implications: Health risk behaviours cluster among adolescents with age and depression associated with the identified clusters. Early interventions that target these clusters are needed at the individual, school and community level to mitigate the burden of non-communicable diseases.
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- Berman, Anne H, et al.
(author)
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Mental wellbeing in Swedish university students : protective and risk factors in a cross-sectional study
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Nature. ; 30, s. S66-S67
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Mental wellbeing is a fundamental aspect of the broader notion of quality of life. Little is known about the mental wellbeing of university students in general and Swedish university students in particular. As emerging adults, university students typically experience substantial changes to their living conditions, relationships, and academic stress, and depression and anxiety are prospectively associated with lower academic achievement at the end of the first year.Methods: Data from five cross-sectional cohorts (n = 7423), collected between spring 2020 and spring 2022, were compared descriptively, regarding sociodemographic factors, lifetime and past 30-day symptoms of mental health problems, experiences of bullying, feeling loved and measures of well-being. Linear regression identified protective factors for wellbeing according to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), and risk factors for lower wellbeing.Results: Participants were > 70% women, 24–27 years old, 75–83% born in Sweden. About one-third had experienced physical bullying at school and about 70% felt loved and cared for. About two-thirds had medium levels of wellbeing, with one-third having low levels and about 5% having high levels. Protective factors for wellbeing included older age, male gender, feeling loved most of the time, and the grit construct. Risk factors included being an international student, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, having symptoms of depression or anxiety most of the time, and experiencing effort/reward imbalance.Conclusions: A large proportion of students experience less than optimal wellbeing. Interventions to enhance positive, nurturing relationships and reinforce grit-related factors could support students in this challenging period of life.
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- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(author)
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Teaching digital mental health treatment in theory and practice : A proof-of-concept pilot and feasibility study
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 30, s. S67-S67
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Improving relationship dynamics positively impacts both partners’ health among couples. However, few studies have investigated sexual and gender minority (SGM) couples’ relationship goals and their experiences toward achieving them.Purpose: The present study investigated SGM couples’ experiences that centered on them working toward or maintaining their relationship goals over time.Method: From a cohort study with SGM couples, a purposive sample of 40 couples was selected and interviewed over Zoom. Interviews were individual-level, semi-structured, and recorded. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts.Results: Approximately half of the 40 couples identified as gay male couples, a third as lesbian couples, and about one-fifth as queer or gender minority couples. Top three reported relationship goals were 1) improving communication, 2) working on finances, and 3) enhancing intimacy. Feeling emotionally connected, career-related decisions, and improving sexual satisfaction were other commonly reported goals. Overall, most partners felt they made progress toward at least 1 of their 3 relationship goals within the prior 6 months. However, perceived relationship goal progress varied extensively between partners across couple groups. Facilitator-related themes about relationship goal progress included dyadic efforts, having a support system including professional help, and planning. Barrier-related themes included nonexistent or minimal effort, different communication styles, employment and economical struggles, and competing life and health priorities.Conclusion(s): Dyadic efforts and support systems were key toward someone working toward or maintaining their relationships goals. Findings suggest key relationship functioning areas to target in a future multiple health behavior change intervention for SGM couples.
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- Clason van de Leur, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Psychological Treatment of Exhaustion Due to Persistent Non-Traumatic Stress : A Scoping Review
- 2024
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 31:2, s. 175-191
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundExhaustion due to persistent non-traumatic stress (ENTS) is a significant health problem with substantial personal, social, and economic impact. While there are increasing studies of ENTS, there is no international agreement on how it should be diagnosed and treated. This scoping review aimed to map definitions, diagnoses, treatments, outcome measures, and outcomes in psychological treatment studies of ENTS. A further aim was to assess the quality of the treatments and map what change processes are described within ENTS interventions.MethodsA PRISMA-guided scoping review of psychological treatment studies delivered in a clinical setting for ENTS was conducted using the databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL.ResultsOf the 60 studies included, the majority (87%) stemmed from Europe. The most recurrent term for ENTS was burnout, and the diagnosis most often utilized was exhaustion disorder. Several treatments were reported, the most frequent being cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (68%). Statistically significant outcomes relevant to ENTS were reported in 65% (n = 39) of the studies, with effect sizes between 0.13 and 1.80. In addition, 28% of the treatments were rated as high quality. The most frequent change processes described were dysfunctional sleep, avoidance, behavioral activation, irrational thoughts and beliefs, worry, perceived competence/positive management, psychological flexibility, and recuperation.ConclusionsWhile several treatments based on CBT show promising results for ENTS, there do not seem to be any uniformly established methods, theoretical models, or change processes. Instead of adopting a monocausal, syndromal, and potentially bio-reductionist perspective on ENTS, a process-based approach to treatment is encouraged.
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- de Oliveira, Thais Lopes, et al.
(author)
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The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) : Factors Related to Smoking Cessation
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : SPRINGER. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Smoking cessation is not an easy accomplishment. However, the benefits are several for those who do it, such as cardiovascular risk reduction 1 year after quitting smoking. This study aimed to verify the factors related to smoking cessation in civil servants of The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This study had a longitudinal design using data from a prospective cohort of civil servants (ELSA-Brasil). Our variable of interest was smoking cessation. The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, job stress, health-related variables, legislation, and smoking cessation was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models. The analyses were stratified by gender. Second-hand smoke exposure, age, education, excessive alcohol consumption, common mental disorder, and smoking control law were the variables considered in the final model. Results Information of 2020 women and 2429 men was analyzed. Individuals without second-hand smoke exposure, with up to 49 years of age, with higher education, without excessive alcohol consumption, without common mental disorders, and who initiated smoking in 1989 or after the smoking control law had a higher risk of stopping smoking. The risks magnitudes were higher for women. Conclusions Our study reinforces the necessity of alcohol consumption regulation, the relevance of Public Health Policies, and the need for more smoking cessation measures focused on men, on people with mental disorders, alcoholism, and older adults. Also, our results did not show significant risks regarding the psychosocial working environment.
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