| 1. |
- Agnafors, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Symptoms of depression and internalizing problems in early adulthood - associated factors from birth to adolescence
- 2023
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:8, s. 799-810
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeEven though the mechanisms behind the development of depression and internalizing problems remains unknown, many different factors have been shown to increase the risk. Longitudinal studies enable the investigation of exposure during different developmental periods during childhood. This study aims to examine factors associated with depressive and internalizing problems at age 20 in terms of sociodemographic factors, previous mental health problems and stressful life events during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.MethodsA birth cohort of 1723 children were followed to age 20. At the 20-year follow-up, n = 731 (44%) participated. Standardized instruments were filled out at baseline and the 3-,12- and 20-year follow-ups.ResultsDepressive problems at age 20 were associated with female gender, experience of interpersonal life events reported at age 20, bullying victimization and reports on paternal mental health problems. Participants with depressive problems were also less likely to have experienced adolescence as happy and to report that their father had been a good father. Internalizing problems at age 20 were, in addition, associated with internalizing problems at age 12 and reports on maternal mental health problems. Internalizing problems were associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing adolescence as happy in the final model.ConclusionRecent events (i.e. interpersonal life events and bullying) seemed to be the most influential factors on the development of internalizing and depressive problems. Internalizing problems during childhood increased the risk for internalizing problems in early adulthood, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Fewer factors were found to increase the risk for depressive problems compared to internalizing problems.
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| 2. |
- Ahmad, I., et al.
(author)
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Validity of diagnoses, treatment dates, and rating scales in the Swedish national quality register for electroconvulsive therapy
- 2022
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 76:2, s. 96-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The Swedish national quality register for electroconvulsive therapy (Q-ECT) contains data on patients receiving treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Sweden. Aim This study determined the validity of diagnoses, treatment dates, and rating scales in the Q-ECT by investigating the degree of accordance between data from the Q-ECT and patient records. Materials and methods From January 2016 to December 2017, 200 treatment series were randomly selected from the Q-ECT. The corresponding patient records were requested from the treating hospitals. Data on the indicative diagnosis, dates for the first and the last ECT session, and rating scales were compared between the Q-ECT and patient records using (i) a strict and (ii) a liberal method of assessment. Using the liberal method, each variable was assessed as accordant if it belonged to the same diagnosis group, or if the dates differed by less than 1 week, or ratings differed by only 1 point on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI- S), or no more than 3 points on the Montgomery angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale between the Q-ECT and the patient record. Results A total of 179 patient records were received. The strict method of assessment showed an accordance of 89% or higher for all studied variables. The liberal method showed an accordance of 95% or higher. Conclusions We conclude that data on the studied variables in the Q-ECT have high validity. However, limited use of some rating scales makes the results uncertain. Measures can be taken to further improve the data quality.
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| 3. |
- Al Omari, Omar, et al.
(author)
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Facilitators and barriers of mental health help-seeking behaviours among adolescents in Oman : a cross-sectional study
- 2022
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 76:8, s. 591-601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to explore and identify facilitators and barriers to help-seeking behaviours among adolescents in Oman, by exploring the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behaviour towards mental health help-seeking. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used and 424 adolescents were recruited to participate in the study. Participants were asked to complete five self-reported questionnaires, including two open-ended questions about the main motivations and barriers to seeking professional help for mental problems. Results: It was found that those with positive help-seeking attitudes towards mental health were more knowledgeable about mental health, had more positive attitudes towards mental illness, and had higher intention to help seeking. On the contrary, those with higher help-seeker stereotypes had more negative attitudes towards mental illness. Having an adequate support system, being positive and knowledgeable about mental illness, and the reputation of mentalhealth are the main factors facilitating seeking professional help. However, fear, lack of family support, and the time-consuming procedures were the main barriers emerging from the open-ended questions. Conclusions: This study contributes by identifying facilitating factors as well as barriers in an Arabic context (Oman) to fill the exiting knowledge gap; both need to be considered when planning interventions targeting the younger individuals in this society.
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| 4. |
- Al-Wandi, Ahmed, 1990-, et al.
(author)
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of maintenance treatment for psychotic depression
- 2022
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 76:6, s. 442-450
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To perform a systematic review on the use of maintenance treatment to prevent relapse and recurrence in patients with psychotic unipolar or bipolar depression. Methods We conducted an electronic search in December 2019 (and an updated search in July 2021) of four databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) to identify controlled studies comparing the relapse rates of patients receiving maintenance treatment for psychotic unipolar depression and psychotic bipolar depression. A meta-analysis was made that included three studies comparing antidepressant (AD) and antipsychotic (AP) combination therapy with AD monotherapy. We used the GRADE tool to assess the quality of evidence. Results We included five randomized controlled trials fulfilling the inclusion criteria, making three comparisons: (a) AD + AP versus AD monotherapy; (b) AD + AP versus AP monotherapy; (c) AD + electroconvulsive therapy versus AD monotherapy. The included studies only examined patients with psychotic unipolar depression. The largest included study reported a statistically significant advantage of AD + AP compared with AD monotherapy. We made a meta-analysis of the three studies comparing AD + AP combination therapy with AD monotherapy, which included 195 patients and 56 events. The meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant difference between these treatments. Conclusions Contrary to the finding of the largest study, we did not find a statistically significant difference between AD + AP combination therapy and AD monotherapy in the meta-analysis. There is insufficient evidence to support the superiority of any treatment modality as maintenance treatment for psychotic depression. Further studies are required.
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| 5. |
- Allerby, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Increasing person-centeredness in psychosis inpatient care: care consumption before and after a person-centered care intervention
- 2023
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:6, s. 600-607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients with psychotic disorders often need hospitalization with long stays. Person-centered care (PCC) has been shown to improve care quality and decrease the length of hospital stay in non-psychiatric settings. We carried out an educational intervention for inpatient staff, aiming to increase person-centeredness at a major Swedish psychosis clinic. The aim of this study was to test if the intervention could be associated with decreased length of hospital stay (LoS), involuntary stay (LoIS), and reduction in rapid readmissions. Methods: Data from the clinic’s administrative registry were compared for patients with a discharge diagnosis within the schizophrenia-spectrum treated during the one-year periods before and after the PCC intervention. Results: Contrary to our hypotheses, a quantile regression estimated longer LoS post-intervention, median difference 10.4 d (CI 4.73–16.10). Neither age, sex nor diagnostic category were associated with LoS. Of all inpatient days, ∼80% were involuntary. While LoIS was numerically longer post-intervention, the difference did not reach significance in the final regression model (median difference 7.95 d, CI −1.40 to 17.31). Proportions with readmission within 2 weeks of discharge did not differ (7.7% vs 5.2%, n.s.). Conclusions: Increased length of inpatient care was observed after the PCPC intervention. This could reflect an increased focus on the unmet needs of persons with serious psychotic conditions, but it needs to be explored in future research using a more rigorous study design. Trial registration: This study is part of a larger evaluation of Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC), registered during data collection (after the study start, before analysis) at clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03182283.
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| 6. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Schizotypal traits in Swedish speaking psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric controls
- 2020
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:5, s. 327-331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Recently, schizotypal personality traits were measured in a multinational sample recruited from 14 countries, however no Scandinavian cohort was included. The aim of this study was, therefore, to measure schizotypal personality traits in Swedish-speaking populations, with and without psychiatric disorders, and to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B).Methods: The SPQ-B results from 50 psychiatric patients were compared to controls (n = 202). An additional sample of 25 controls completed the full SPQ twice and we calculated test-retest reliability for SPQ and SPQ-B. We estimated the internal consistency for SPQ-B and SPQ-B factors with omega. We compared the results of SPQ-B (M and SD) in patient and control groups to corresponding results worldwide.Results: We found similarity between our SPQ-B scores and those from other published samples. SPQ-B showed good internal consistency and acceptable test-retest correlations. The results indicate that the Swedish version of the instrument is valid and can differentiate psychiatric cohorts from non-psychiatric controls.Conclusion: The Swedish version of the SPQ-B exhibit good psychometric properties and is useful for assessing schizotypal traits in clinical and non-clinical populations.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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A blinded validation of the Swedish version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS)
- 2022
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 76:1, s. 44-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) was developed in order to advance the assessment of negative symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate the Swedish version of the CAINS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four out-patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were recruited. All patients were videotaped while interviewed with the CAINS and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Another rater watched the video recordings in the reverse order, enabling a blinded design. The patients also filled in self-reported measures of depression, quality of life, and social and vocational functioning. We calculated inter-rater agreement and internal consistency for the CAINS. We also calculated validity measures by correlating the subscales Motivation and Pleasure (CAINS-MAP) and Expression (CAINS-EXP) to subscales of the BPRS. RESULTS: The blinded inter-rater agreement for the CAINS total score was high (ICC = 0.92) but slightly lower for the expression subscale (ICC = 0.76). Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 for the total score. Convergent validity with the negative symptoms subscale of BPRS was different for the blinded and the unblinded data, with a CAINS-MAP correlation of 0.10 (p = 0.580) and a CAINS-EXP correlation of 0.48 (p = 0.004) in the blinded data. The unblinded data had a CAINS-MAP correlation of 0.38 (p = 0.026) and a CAINS-EXP correlation of 0.87 (p < 0.001). Self-rated measures of anhedonia correlated to CAINS-MAP with a coefficient of 0.68 (p < 0.001), while the CAINS-EXP only had a correlation of 0.16 (p = 0.366) to these measures. CONCLUSION: The Swedish version of the CAINS displays adequate psychometric properties in line with earlier validation studies.
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| 9. |
- Björk, Annette, et al.
(author)
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A nurse-led lifestyle intervention for adult persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:8, s. 602-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, a nurse-led lifestyle intervention including interpersonal relationships, health education and cognitive support was developed to facilitate healthier lifestyle habits.Aim: The aim was to develop a lifestyle intervention and investigate its impact on mental and physical healthMethod: The 52-week intervention included 35 adults with ADHD. In a pre- and post-test design, symptoms of ADHD were measured with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, quality of life was measured with the Adult ADHD Quality of Life scale and mental health was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Lifestyle habits and dimensions of health were measured by the Lifestyle-Performance-Health Questionnaire and physical fitness was measured by the VO2 Max Test and calculations of waist circumference and body mass index. Result: Post-tests for a group of 25 persons showed positive changes following the intervention regarding weekly physical activity, quality of life and general and mental health. Lifestyle habit support was found to be important. The impact of the intervention should be confirmed in a long-term study with a control group.Conclusion: This intervention may be beneficial and may be implemented in a primary healthcare setting or in other open care units.
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| 10. |
- Blomqvist, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Validation of the Swedish version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale second edition (RADS-2) in a normative sample
- 2021
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 75:4, s. 292-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Due to the sharp global increase in prevalence of adolescent major depressive disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, we need internationally validated tools for multi-dimensional assessment. Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale second edition (RADS-2) measures dysphoric mood, anhedonia/negative affect, negative self-evaluation and somatic complaints and is widely used internationally, but not yet available in Swedish.Aim: The aim of this study is to test the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish version of RADS-2 in a normative sample.Material and method: Data was gathered from junior and high school students in Northern Sweden (N = 637). We performed: 1. Confirmatory factor analysis to examine the 4-factor structure proposed by Reynolds, 2. Measurement invariance analysis for sex (girls, boys) and age group (12-15 years, 16-20 years). 3. Reliability testing and 4. Tests for concurrent, discriminant and convergent validity using Beck's Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment Depression and Anger subscales, the Patient Reported Outcome Measurements Information System, Anxiety and Friends subscales and the World Health Organization Wellness Index.Results: The sample consisted of n = 637 students (n = 389 girls and n = 248 boys), mean age 15.73 (SD = 1.76); 12-20 years. The 4-factor structure was confirmed, as well as measurement invariance for sex and age group. Reliability was acceptable to excellent for all subscales and RADS-2 total scale. Concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity was good.Conclusion: The Swedish version of RADS-2 showed acceptable reliability and validity in a Swedish normative sample.
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