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Search: (L773:2158 3188) srt2:(2011-2014) > (2012)

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1.
  • Brown, A A, et al. (author)
  • Genetic variants affecting the neural processing of human facial expressions : evidence using a genome-wide functional imaging approach.
  • 2012
  • In: Translational psychiatry. - 2158-3188. ; 2, s. e143-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Human faces present crucial visual information for social interaction. Specialized brain regions are involved in the perception of faces, with the fusiform face area (FFA) a key neuronal substrate. Face processing is genetically controlled, but by which specific genes is unknown. A genome-wide approach identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with areas of increased brain activity in response to affective facial expressions, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. SNPs in 20 genetic regions were linked with neural responses to negative facial expressions in a Norwegian sample (n=246), which included patients with mental illness. Three genetic regions were linked with FFA activation in a further discovery experiment using positive facial expressions and involving many of the same individuals (n=284). Two of these three regions showed significant association with right FFA activation to negative facial expressions in an independent North American replication sample of healthy Caucasians (n=85, 3q26.31, P=0.004; 20p12.3, P=0.045). The activation patterns were particularly striking for the SNP in 3q26.31, which lies in a gene TMEM212; only the FFA was activated. The specialized function of this brain region suggests that TMEM212 could contribute to the innate architecture of face processing.
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2.
  • Cervenka, Simon, et al. (author)
  • Changes in dopamine D2-receptor binding are associated to symptom reduction after psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder
  • 2012
  • In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 2158-3188. ; 2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The dopamine system has been suggested to play a role in social anxiety disorder (SAD), partly based on molecular imaging studies showing reduced levels of striatal dopaminergic markers in patients compared with control subjects. However, the dopamine system has not been examined in frontal and limbic brain regions proposed to be central in the pathophysiology of SAD. In the present study, we hypothesized that extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor (D2-R) levels measured using positron emission tomography (PET) would predict symptom reduction after cognitive behavior therapy (behavior). Nine SAD patients were examined using high-resolution PET and the high-affinity D2-R antagonist radioligand [C-11]FLB 457, before and after 15 weeks of CBT. Symptom levels were assessed using the anxiety subscale of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS(anx)). At posttreatment, there was a statistically significant reduction of social anxiety symptoms (Po0.005). Using a repeated measures analysis of covariance, significant effects for time and time x LSAS(anx) change on D2-R-binding potential (BPND) were shown (P<0.05). In a subsequent region-by-region analysis, negative correlations between change in D2-R BPND and LSAS(anx) change were found for medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (P<0.05). This is the first study to report a direct relationship between symptom change after psychological treatment and a marker of brain P<0.05. Using an intra-individual comparison design, the study supports a role for the dopamine system in cortical and limbic brain regions in the pathophysiology of SAD. Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e120; doi:10.1038/tp.2012.40; published online 22 May 2012
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3.
  • Erhardt, A., et al. (author)
  • Replication and meta-analysis of TMEM132D gene variants in panic disorder
  • 2012
  • In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 2:e156
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A recent genome-wide association study in patients with panic disorder (PD) identified a risk haplotype consisting of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7309727 and rs11060369) located in intron 3 of TMEM132D to be associated with PD in three independent samples. Now we report a subsequent confirmation study using five additional PD case-control samples (n = 1670 cases and n 2266 controls) assembled as part of the Panic Disorder International Consortium (PanIC) study for a total of 2678 cases and 3262 controls in the analysis. In the new independent samples of European ancestry (EA), the association of rs7309727 and the risk haplotype rs7309727-rs11060369 was, indeed, replicated, with the strongest signal coming from patients with primary PD, that is, patients without major psychiatric comorbidities (n 1038 cases and n 2411 controls). This finding was paralleled by the results of the meta-analysis across all samples, in which the risk haplotype and rs7309727 reached P-levels of P = 1.4e-8 and P = 1.1e-8, respectively, when restricting the samples to individuals of EA with primary PD. In the Japanese sample no associations with PD could be found. The present results support the initial finding that TMEM132D gene contributes to genetic susceptibility for PD in individuals of EA. Our results also indicate that patient ascertainment and genetic background could be important sources of heterogeneity modifying this association signal in different populations. Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e156; doi:10.1038/tp.2012.85; published online 4 September 2012
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4.
  • Isung, J, et al. (author)
  • Low vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in cerebrospinal fluid of suicide attempters
  • 2012
  • In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 2, s. e196-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A dysregulated immune system influencing pathways for cytokine regulation and growth factor expression is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines and growth factors with an ultra-sensitive immunoassay system in 43 medication-free suicide attempters and 20 healthy male volunteers. CSF vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CSF interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were significantly lower in suicide attempters compared with healthy controls. Further, CSF VEGF showed a significant negative correlation with depression severity. CSF IL-6 levels did not differ between suicide attempters and healthy controls. Low CSF levels of VEGF may represent a lack of trophic support to neurons and downregulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus reflecting more severe depressive states. IL-8 has also been reported as important in neuroprotection as well as having chemokine activity in the innate immune response. The results support a role for an impaired innate immunity and dysregulation of neuroprotection in the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behavior.
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5.
  • Momeni, Naghi, et al. (author)
  • A novel blood-based biomarker for detection of autism spectrum disorders
  • 2012
  • In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2158-3188. ; 2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are classified as neurological developmental disorders. Several studies have been carried out to find a candidate biomarker linked to development of these disorders, but up to date no reliable biomarker is available. Mass spectrometry techniques have been used for protein profiling of blood plasma of children with such disorders in order to identify proteins/peptides which may be used as biomarkers for detection of the disorders. Three differentially expressed peptides with mass charged (m/z) values of 2,020 ± 1, 1,864 ± 1, and 1,978 ± 1 Da in heparin plasma of children with ASD which were significantly changed as compared to the peptide pattern of the non-ASD control group are reported here. This novel set of biomarkers allows for a reliable blood based diagnostic tool that may be used in diagnosis and potentially, in prognosis of ASD. 
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6.
  • Nava, C, et al. (author)
  • Analysis of the chromosome X exome in patients with autism spectrum disorders identified novel candidate genes, including TMLHE.
  • 2012
  • In: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The striking excess of affected males in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) suggests that genes located on chromosome X contribute to the etiology of these disorders. To identify new X-linked genes associated with ASD, we analyzed the entire chromosome X exome by next-generation sequencing in 12 unrelated families with two affected males. Thirty-six possibly deleterious variants in 33 candidate genes were found, including PHF8 and HUWE1, previously implicated in intellectual disability (ID). A nonsense mutation in TMLHE, which encodes the ɛ-N-trimethyllysine hydroxylase catalyzing the first step of carnitine biosynthesis, was identified in two brothers with autism and ID. By screening the TMLHE coding sequence in 501 male patients with ASD, we identified two additional missense substitutions not found in controls and not reported in databases. Functional analyses confirmed that the mutations were associated with a loss-of-function and led to an increase in trimethyllysine, the precursor of carnitine biosynthesis, in the plasma of patients. This study supports the hypothesis that rare variants on the X chromosome are involved in the etiology of ASD and contribute to the sex-ratio disequilibrium.
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9.
  • Ziermans, T, et al. (author)
  • Working memory brain activity and capacity link MAOA polymorphism to aggressive behavior during development.
  • 2012
  • In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A developmental increase in working memory capacity is an important part of cognitive development, and low working memory (WM) capacity is a risk factor for developing psychopathology. Brain activity represents a promising endophenotype for linking genes to behavior and for improving our understanding of the neurobiology of WM development. We investigated gene-brain-behavior relationships by focusing on 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six dopaminergic candidate genes (COMT, SLC6A3/DAT1, DBH, DRD4, DRD5, MAOA). Visuospatial WM (VSWM) brain activity, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, and VSWM capacity were assessed in a longitudinal study of typically developing children and adolescents. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). One SNP (rs6609257), located ~6.6 kb downstream of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) on human chromosome X, significantly affected brain activity in a network of frontal, parietal and occipital regions. Increased activity in this network, but not in caudate nucleus or anterior prefrontal regions, was correlated with VSWM capacity, which in turn predicted externalizing (aggressive/oppositional) symptoms, with higher WM capacity associated with fewer externalizing symptoms. There were no direct significant correlations between rs6609257 and behavioral symptoms. These results suggest a mediating role of WM brain activity and capacity in linking the MAOA gene to aggressive behavior during development.
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10.
  • Ågren, Thomas, et al. (author)
  • Human fear reconsolidation and allelic differences in serotonergic and dopaminergic genes.
  • 2012
  • In: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Fear memory persistence, central for the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders, is partially genetically controlled. Recently, consolidation and reconsolidation processes have been reported to affect fear memory stability and integrity. This study explored the impact of reconsolidation processes and genetic make-up on fear reacquisition by manipulating reconsolidation, using extinction performed outside or inside a reconsolidation interval. Reacquisition measured by skin conductance responses was stronger in individuals that extinguished outside (6 h) than inside (10 min) the reconsolidation interval. However, the effect was predominantly present in val/val homozygotes of the functional val158met polymorphism of the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme and in short-allele carriers of the serotonin-transporter length 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. These results demonstrate that reconsolidation of human fear memory is influenced by dopamine and serotonin-related genes.
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