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- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Reproductive history in relation to relative weight and fat distribution
- 1996
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In: International Journal of Obesity. ; 20, s. 213-219
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between reproductive history and body composition. DESIGN: Prospective population study in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 1462 randomly selected women representing five separate age cohorts (38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 at the 1968-1969 baseline examination) have been followed longitudinally. MEASUREMENTS: Relative weight, fat distribution, and fat cellularity were related to menarche, parity, lactation, menopause and oestrogen medication. RESULTS: Age of menarche did not show any association with subsequent fat distribution, nor did length of lactation time. On the other hand parity was positively associated to total as well as central obesity, and lactation time was positively associated to abdominal fat cell diameter. Premenopausal women showed higher mean body weight and hip circumference than postmenopausal women of the same age. Change from pre- to postmenopausal status was associated with increase of waist circumference as well as reduction of hip circumference, resulting in an increased waist-hip ratio (WHR). Oestrogen replacement suggested some postponement of this increase. CONCLUSION: Parity and menopause are the reproductive factors most associated with gradual changes in body fat distribution. Oestrogen medication seems to play an additional role in diminishing waist circumference increase and could thus contribute to decreased cardiovascular morbidity in women. PMID: 8653141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 3. |
- Larsson, I, et al.
(author)
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The 'Green Keyhole' nutritional campaign in Sweden: do women with more knowledge have better dietary practices?
- 1996
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ; 50, s. 323-328
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden. INTRODUCTION: In 1989 the National Food Administration in Sweden introduced a food-marking symbol called the 'Green Keyhole'. The aim of the campaign is to help consumers make lowfat, high-fibre food choices. OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge of the Green Keyhole symbol in a general female population, and to examine whether knowledge is associated with reported intake of dietary fat and fibre. SUBJECTS: 616 randomly selected women were examined and interviewed. METHODS: Intakes of dietary fat and fibre were analysed in relation to knowledge of the Green Keyhole symbol. Knowledge was assessed by means of an open-ended question. RESULTS: 62% of the women adequately understood the meaning of the Green Keyhole. These women were significantly younger (P < 0.0001). Mean body mass index (kg/m2+/-s.e.m.) was significantly higher among the women with more knowledge of the Green Keyhole symbol than those with less knowledge: 26.4 +/- 0.2 vs 25.6 +/- 0.2, (P = 0.002). There were no major differences in total fat intake or total fibre intake between the women with less and more knowledge. However the ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and fibre intake per 4200 kJ (1000 kcal) were higher (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively) and intake of saturated fatty acids was lower (P = 0.05) in the diet among women with better knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The female population described here understands the campaign but their dietary behaviours do not appear to conform to the low-fat message. PMID: 8735315 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 4. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Weight change in relation to intake of sugar and sweet foods before and after weight reducing gastric surgery
- 1996
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In: International Journal of Obesity. ; 20, s. 634-643
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a diet containing many sweet foods is associated with poor weight loss after gastroplasty. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 375 severely obese subjects followed for 2 y after vertical banded gastroplasty or gastric banding; 34 subjects followed after gastric bypass. RESULTS: Total energy and all macronutrients were reduced 2 y after surgery. Sweet foods were less reduced than other foods, resulting in a relative increase of sugar intake. At 2 y a high relative intake of sugar and fat was associated with a low energy intake and a large weight reduction in the gastroplasty group. In the highest quartile of mono+disaccharide intake (> 142 g) weight loss was 29.9 kg compared to 25.1 kg in lowest quartile (> 72 g). Absolute and relative sugar intake before surgery did not predict weight outcome. At 6 months, i.e. during a period of active weight reduction, energy intake was significantly related to weight loss. CONCLUSION: Gastroplasty patients who continue selecting sweet foods appear to maintain lower energy intakes and lose more weight. However the associations are unlikely to be causal but probably indicative of changes in other aspects of the diet, eg exclusion of regular meals. Since large weight losses are most likely to be associated with low quality diets these results highlight the need for supplementation therapy of gastroplasty patients. Finally the lack of association between presurgical sugar intake and subsequent weight loss brings into question the surgical practice of selectively assigning sweet eaters to gastric bypass. PMID: 8817357 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity levels and changes in relation to longevity. A prospective study of Swedish women
- 1996
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In: American Journal of Epidemiology. ; 143, s. 54-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Göteborg University, Sweden. In 1968-1969, a population-based sample of Swedish women aged 38-60 years was recruited for a health survey, and 20-year survival was later ascertained from national registries. Occupational and leisure-time physical activity data from the baseline and 6-year follow-up examinations were evaluated in relation to all-cause mortality among 1,405 women who were initially free of major diseases. In comparison with being inactive, the mortality relative risk associated with being somewhat active was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.17-0.46) for occupational activity and 0.56 (95% confidence interval 0.39-0.82) for leisure-time activity. Being in the most active occupational or leisure activity category further decreased mortality risk to a minor extent. A within-subject decrease in leisure activity over 6 years was also a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality (relative risk = 2.07, relative to no change), although there was no evidence of a benefit from increasing physical activity levels. Since exclusion of early endpoints did not affect the associations in any significant way, underlying illness is unlikely to have played a major role in these analyses. It is concluded that decreases in physical activity as well as low initial levels are strong risk factors for mortality in women, and that their predictive value persists for many years. PMID: 8533747 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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