| 1. |
- Bakker, Henriëtte E, et al.
(author)
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Geometry- and rate-dependent adhesive failure of micropatterned surfaces
- 2012
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In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 24:6, s. 065103-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamic nature of adhesive interface failure remains poorly understood, especially when the contact between the two surfaces is localized in microscopic points of adhesion. Here, we explore the dynamic failure of adhesive interfaces composed of a large number of micron-sized pillars against glass. Surprisingly, we find a large influence of the microcontact geometry; ordered arrays of these pillars exhibit significantly stronger adhesive properties than equivalent surfaces in which the pillars are disordered. This can be understood with a simple geometric argument that accounts for the number of adhesive bonds that needs to be broken simultaneously to propagate the crack front. Moreover, the adhesive strength in both cases depends largely on the velocity with which the surfaces are separated. This rate dependence is explained on the basis of a semi-phenomenological model that describes macroscopic failure as a consequence of microscopic bond-rupture events. Our results suggest that the dynamics of adhesive failure, in the limit explored here, is predominantly stress-driven and highly sensitive to local geometry effects.
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| 2. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Assessment and management of risk for intimate partner violence by police officers using the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide
- 2012
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In: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 36:1, s. 60-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a crime that is present in all countries, seriously impacts victims, and demands a great deal of time and resources from the criminal justice system. The current study examined the use of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide, 2nd ed. (SARA; Kropp, Hart, Webster, & Eaves, 1995), a structured professional judgment risk assessment and management tool for IPV, by police officers in Sweden over a follow-up of 18 months. SARA risk assessments had significant predictive validity with respect to risk management recommendations made by police, as well as with recidivism as indexed by subsequent contacts with police. Risk management mediated the association between risk assessment and recidivism: High levels of intervention were associated with decreased recidivism in high risk cases, but with increased recidivism in low risk cases. The findings support the potential utility of police-based risk assessment and management of IPV, and in particular the belief that appropriately structured risk assessment and management decisions can prevent violence.
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| 3. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Measuring the outcome of structured spousal violence risk assessments using the B-SAFER : risk in relation to recidivism and intervention
- 2012
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In: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 30:4, s. 420-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, 216 risk assessments conducted by law enforcement officers in a suburb of Stockholm using the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) were followed up and correlated to both recidivism and type of protective actions implemented by the police. The results showed high recidivism rates across all risk categories, except in the highest risk group, where the recidivism rate was significantly lower. This finding suggests a poor, and even negative, predictive power of the police risk assessments: the higher the police-assessed risk, the lower the recidivism rate. However, it was clear that the police did very little, or nothing, in cases not assessed as high risk. All resources appear to have been directed to the high-risk cases, which seems to have had a preventive effect. Our results point to the importance of studying the nature and extent of protective actions taken in response to risk assessment, before drawing conclusions about the predictive validity of risk assessment instruments.
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| 4. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, et al.
(author)
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A National Study of the Prevalence and Correlates of Domestic Violence Among Women in India
- 2012
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In: ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - Thousand Oaks, USA : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1010-5395 .- 1941-2479. ; 24:2, s. 265-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article estimates the national prevalence rate of domestic violence in India and examines the demographic and socioeconomic status of the victims of domestic violence. The study used the Indian National Family Health Survey 3, a cross-sectional national survey of 124 385 ever-married women of reproductive age from all the 29 member states. chi(2) Analysis and logistic regression were used. Lifetime experiences of violence among respondents were as follows: emotional violence, 14%; less severe physical violence, 31%; severe physical violence, 10%; and sexual violence, 8%. Women of scheduled castes and Muslim religion were most often exposed to domestic violence. Womens poorer economic background, working status, and husbands controlling behavior emerged as strong predictors for domestic violence in India. Elimination of structural inequalities inherent in the indigenous oppressive institutions of religion, caste, and the traditional male hierarchy in society could prevent domestic violence.
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| 5. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, et al.
(author)
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Economic empowerment of women and utilization of maternal delivery care in Bangladesh
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 3:9, s. 628-636
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Maternal mortality is a major public health problem in low-income countries, such as Bangladesh. Women's empowerment in relation to enhanced utilization of delivery care is underexplored. This study investigates the associations between women's economic empowerment and their utilization of maternal health care services in Bangladesh. Methods: In total, 4925 women (15-49 years of age) with at least one child from whole Bangladesh constituted the study sample. Home delivery without skilled birth attendant and use of institutional delivery services were the main outcome variables used for the analyses. Economic empowerment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, household economic status, and demographic factors were considered as explanatory variables. The chi square test and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were applied at the collected data. Results: In the adjusted model, respondent's and husband's education, household economic status, and residency emerged as important predictors for utilization of delivery care services. In the unadjusted model, economically empowered working and microfinanced women displayed more home delivery. Conclusion: The current study shows that use of delivery care services is associated with socioeconomic development and can be enhanced by societies that focus on general issues such as schooling, economic wellbeing, and gender-based discrimination.
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| 6. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Differences between overachieving and underachieving classes in reading : Teacher, classroom and student characteristics
- 2012
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In: Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-7984 .- 1741-2919. ; 12:4, s. 339-366
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main purpose of this study was to examine the classroom, teacher and student factors distinguishing grade three classes performing at higher levels than expected, in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) and language factors, from classes performing below their potential with regard to the same factors. Data from a standardized reading comprehension test and student and teacher questionnaires covering teacher, classroom and student characteristics were collected. The participants were 1,092 grade three classes and their class teachers, from Stockholm, Sweden. By use of regression and a twin-matching procedure, one group of 94 underachieving classes and another group of 94 overachieving classes were formed for comparison. Data about extended voluntary reading, classroom climate, teacher experience and the use of authentic literature were seen to be the main four indicators discriminating between over- and underachieving classes beyond the impact of SES and language background.
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| 7. |
- Granberg, Hjalmar, et al.
(author)
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Dynamics of moisture interaction with polyelectrolyte multilayers containing nanofibrillated cellulose
- 2012
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In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27:2, s. 496-499
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent findings have shown that it is possible to use the Layer-by-Layer technique to create nanofibrillated cellulose / polyethyleneimine interference films whose colour change with relative humidity. This study uses different optical models to describe spectral ellipsometry measurements data of interference films and how the film properties alter in dry and humid environments. The results indicate that water condensation initially is filling the surface pores within seconds whereas relaxation of the film to adjust to the added water is a slower process that reaches a steady state after ~20 min. The maximum swelling ratio of the LbL films is almost independent of the number of layers within the film, but decreases considerably by crosslinking via heat treatment. The films show a distinct birefringence with optical axis perpendicular to the surface. Analysis of the moisture response with different optical models indicates that the films swell uniformly in the thickness direction with no separate water film on top. The results provide important understanding for the design of NFC based LbL films for visual moisture sensors and interactive security paper.
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| 8. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(author)
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I namn av heder : Kontinuitet och variation i skolans fostran till svenskhet
- 2012. - 1
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In: Fostran av framtidens medborgare. - Lund : Sekel. - 9789185767731 ; , s. 177-202
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- FOSTRAN AV FRAMTIDENS MEDBORGARE skildrar vad som sker med individer och kollektiv mot bakgrund av de senaste decenniernas förändring av den svenska välfärdsstaten. Statens ansvar för medborgarnas välfärd och trygghet har minskats och istället förväntas enskilda individer ta en mer aktiv del i att planera för och skapa sin egen välfärd. Det svenska folkhemmet som stod för kollektiv trygghet har tonat bort för att istället ge plats åt ett individ orienterat samhälle. Boken handlar om skapandet av goda medborgare. Den undersöker dels förändringen av förväntningarna och kraven på hur vi människor ska uppträda, tänka och dels den uppsättning av praktiker som omsätts i syfte att skapa dessa medborgare. Den belyser ur ett tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv fostran av både vuxna och unga på en rad olika arenor. De olika bidragen pekar på hur pågående välfärdsstatliga förändringar tar sig uttryck i olika sammanhang, till exempel hur krav på lärande möter oss i en mängd olika situationer, exempelvis som föräldrar och elever, i egenskap av socialtjänstens klienter, som idrottsutövare, föreningsaktiva eller som tv-tittare. Medborgarna ställs inför att tillägna sig nya egenskaper som bland annat handlar om refl exivitet, livslångt lärande, livskompetens, entreprenörsskapande och ledningsförmåga. Dessa påbud om lärande uppträder tillsammans med föreställningar om ökat oberoende för individen.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Holmberg, L. Joakim, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Muscle decomposition and recruitment criteria influence muscle force estimates
- 2012
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In: Multibody system dynamics. - : Springer. - 1384-5640 .- 1573-272X. ; 28:3, s. 283-289
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has recently been pointed out that muscle decomposition influence muscle force estimates in musculoskeletal simulations. We show analytically and with numerical simulations that this influence depends on the recruitment criteria. Moreover, we also show that the proper choices of force normalization factors may overcome the issue. Such factors for the minmax and the polynomial criteria are presented.
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