| 1. |
-
1800-talets mediesystem
- 2010
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mediehistoria skrivs ofta utifrån ett medium i taget. Den här boken argumenterar istället för att historiens medier utvecklats tillsammans.Nya former, tekniker och praktiker har interagerat med gamla, innehåll har cirkulerat medierna emellan och rader av aktörer har aktivt relaterat till en helhet av uttrycksformer. Denna helhet var konturfast på ett vis som gör det befogat att tala om ett historiskt mediesystem: summan av en viss tids medier och deras inbäddning i sociala, politiska och ekonomiska villkor. I ett antal delstudier prövar boken möjligheterna att på närgången empirisk nivå undersöka 1800-talets mediesystem.
|
|
| 2. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(author)
-
Field Response of Male Pine Sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Diprionidae), to Sex Pheromone Analogs in Japan and Sweden
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 36:9, s. 969-977
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) uses the acetate or propionate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) as pheromone components, with the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer being antagonistic, synergistic, or inactive according to the population tested. In this study, we tested the attraction of males to the acetates of three analogs of diprionol, each missing one methyl group, viz. (2S,7S)-7-methyl-2-pentadecanol, (2S,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-1-tetradecanol, and (2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentadecanol. None of the analogs alone, or in combination with diprionol acetate, was attractive in Sweden, even at 100 times the amount of diprionol acetate attractive to N. sertifer. In Japan, the acetate of (2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-pentadecanol attracted males when tested in amounts 10–20 times higher than the acetate pheromone component. The acetate esters of the (2S,3R)-analog and the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer of diprionol also were tested in combination with the pheromone compound (acetate ester). Both compounds caused an almost total trap-catch reduction in Sweden, whereas in Japan they appear to have relatively little effect on trap capture when added to diprionol acetate. Butyrate and iso-butyrate esters of diprionol were unattractive to N. sertifer in Sweden. In summary, there exists geographic variation in N. sertifer in responses to both diprionyl acetate and some of its analogs.
|
|
| 3. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
-
Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice
- 2012
-
In: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 9:105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis. Results: Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model. Conclusions: Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bång, Joakim, et al.
(author)
-
Stereoisomeric separation of derivatised 2-alkanols using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry: sex pheromone precursors found in pine sawfly species
- 2012
-
In: Analytical Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-2719 .- 1532-236X. ; 45:9, s. 1016-1027
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedStereoisomers of long-chain secondary alcohols are used as sex pheromone precursors among pine sawflies and some species can be severe pine forest pests. To use their pheromone in environmentally friendly pest management, methods are needed that can determine the stereochemistry of the precursor alcohols. Combinations of 11 acid chloride derivatives and 10 GC columns were evaluated for separation of stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylundecan-2-ol, 3,7-dimethyldodecan-2-ol, 3,7-dimethyltridecan-2-ol, 3,7-dimethyltetradecan-2-ol, and 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol. Derivatization with (S)-2-acetoxypropionyl chloride in combination with a Chiraldex B-PA column separated all eight stereoisomers of 3,7dimethylundecan-2-ol, 3,7-dimethyldodecan-2-ol, and 3,7-dimethyltridecan-2-ol. A combination of two different derivatization methods was needed to separate all stereoisomers of the longer chained alcohols 3,7-dimethyltetradecan-2-ol and 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol. A female extract of the pine sawfly Neodiprion lecontei was also analyzed and the stereochemistry of the sex pheromone alcohol precursor was determined to be (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol at an amount of about 7 ng/female. This paper presents the first GC-MS separation of all eight stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethylundecan-2-ol, 3,7dimethyldodecan-2-ol, and 3,7-dimethyltridecan-2-ol in a single analytical run and also the first GC-MS determination of the stereochemistry of the sex pheromone precursor found in females of N. lecontei.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cherkashyna, Nataliia, et al.
(author)
-
High energy particle background at neutron spallation sources and possible solutions
- 2014
-
In: International Workshop on Neutron Optics and Detectors (NOP&D 2013) 2–5 July 2013, Munich, Germany. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588. ; 528, s. 012013-012013
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modern spallation neutron sources are driven by proton beams similar to GeV energies. Whereas low energy particle background shielding is well understood for reactors sources of neutrons (similar to 20 MeV), for high energies (100s MeV to multiple GeV) there is potential to improve shielding solutions and reduce instrument backgrounds significantly. We present initial measured data on high energy particle backgrounds, which illustrate the results of particle showers caused by high energy particles from spallation neutron sources. We use detailed physics models of different materials to identify new shielding solutions for such neutron sources, including laminated layers of multiple materials. In addition to the steel and concrete, which are used traditionally, we introduce some other options that are new to the neutron scattering community, among which there are copper alloys as used in hadronic calorimeters in high energy physics laboratories. These concepts have very attractive energy absorption characteristics, and simulations predict that the background suppression could be improved by one or two orders of magnitude. These solutions are expected to be great benefit to the European Spallation Source, where the majority of instruments are potentially affected by high energy backgrounds, as well as to existing spallation sources.
|
|
| 6. |
- Co, Michelle, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Extraction of Antioxidants from Spruce (Picea abies) Bark using Eco-Friendly Solvents
- 2012
-
In: Phytochemical Analysis. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0958-0344 .- 1099-1565. ; 23:1, s. 1-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction-Antioxidants are known to avert oxidation processes and they are found in trees and other plant materials. Tree bark is a major waste product from paper pulp industries; hence it is worthwhile to develop an extraction technique to extract the antioxidants.Objective- To develop a fast and environmentally sustainable extraction technique for the extraction of antioxidants from bark of spruce (Picea abies) and also to identify the extracted antioxidants that are abundant in spruce bark.Methodology- A screening experiment that involved three different techniques, was conducted to determine the best technique to extract antioxidants.The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2’-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) turned out to be the best technique and a response surface design was therefore utilised to optimise PFE. Furthermore, NMR and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS were applied to identify the extracted antioxidants.Results- PFE using water and ethanol as solvent at 160 and 180°C, respectively, gave extracts of the highest antioxidant capacity. Stilbene glucosides such as isorhapontin, piceid and astringin were identified in the extracts.Conclusion-The study has shown that PFE is a fast and environmentally sustainable technique, using water and ethanol as solvent for the extraction of antioxidants from spruce bark.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dagöö, Jesper, et al.
(author)
-
Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7897 .- 0887-6185. ; 28:4, s. 410-417
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a previously evaluated guided Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD) was adapted for mobile phone administration (mCBT). The treatment was compared with a guided self-help treatment based on interpersonal psychotherapy (mIPT). The treatment platform could be accessed through smartphones, tablet computers, and standard computers. A total of 52 participants were diagnosed with SAD and randomized to either mCBT (n = 27) or mIPT (n = 25). Measures were collected at pre-treatment, during the treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. On the primary outcome measure, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - self-rated, both groups showed statistically significant improvements. However, mCBT performed significantly better than mIPT (between group Cohen's d = 0.64 in favor of mCBT). A larger proportion of the mCBT group was classified as responders at post-treatment (55.6% versus 8.0% in the mIPT group). We conclude that CBT for SAD can be delivered using modern information technology. IPT delivered as a guided self-help treatment may be less effective in this format. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dahlqvist Jönsson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Experience of living with a family member with bipolar disorder.
- 2011
-
In: International journal of mental health nursing. - Richmond : Wiley. - 1447-0349 .- 1445-8330. ; 20:1, s. 29-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe illness that has a serious impact on the lives of those affected and on their families. The aim of this study was to elucidate what it means for family members to live with an adult person who has BD, with reference to their views concerning the condition of the person affected and the future. During 2005, 17 family members of people with the disorder were interviewed, and the data obtained were subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that family members felt alone with their experiences and struggled to make sense of and to maintain normality, as their life was encroached on by the condition. Bearing the burden of responsibility and control made it difficult for family members to focus on their own future. To build hope, they needed opportunities to share their experiences with others, increased understanding of the condition, and relief from the burden they bore. This study underlines the importance of strengthening support holistically for family members living with an adult person with BD. Support and interventions concerning these families' needs have to be developed and should be provided by all mental health-care services.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekström, Mats, 1961, et al.
(author)
-
Spaces for public orientation? : Longitudinal effects of Internet use in adolescence
- 2014
-
In: Information, Communication and Society. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 17:2, s. 168-183
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article departs from an overarching research question: How does young people's engagement in different Internet spaces affect the development of their public orientation during adolescence? It analyses longitudinal panel data in order to explore how young people's public orientation develops during a phase in life (13-20) which is critical for political socialization. Data are derived from three waves of data collection among young people who were 13-17 years old at the time for the first data collection. The concept public orientation is measured by three indicators: young people's values, interests and everyday peer talk. These indicators are analysed with reference to respondents' Internet orientations, which we conceptualize as four separate but inter-related spaces (a news space, a space for social interaction, a game space and a creative space). The results primarily emphasize the importance of orientations towards news space and space for social interaction. Overall, the findings strongly suggest that orientations towards these spaces are related to adolescents' public orientation. The findings confirm the centrality of news and information in political socialization, but they also challenge the idea that social media facilities - such as Facebook, Twitter and blogging - enable forms of social interaction and creative production that have an overall positive impact on young people's public orientation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Flykt, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Fear of Wolves and Bears : Physiological Responses and Negative Associations in a Swedish Sample
- 2013
-
In: Human Dimensions of Wildlife. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1087-1209 .- 1533-158X. ; 18:6, s. 416-434
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human fear is important in wildlife management, but self-reported fear provides only partial information about fear reactions. Thus, eye movements, skin conductance, and changes in heart rate were assessed during picture viewing, visual search, and implicit evaluation tasks. Pictures of bears, wolves, moose, and hares were presented to participants who self-reported as fearful of bears (n = 8), fearful of bears and wolves (n = 15), or not fearful of bears or wolves (n = 14). The feared animal was expected to elicit strong physiological responses, be dwelled upon, and be associated with negative words. Independent of fearfulness, bear pictures elicited the strongest physiological responses, and wolf pictures showed the strongest negative associations. The bear-fearful group showed stronger physiological responses to bears. The bear- and wolf-fearful group showed more difficulty in associating bears with good words. Presence of a feared animal in the search task, resulted in prolonged response time.
|
|
