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- Abrahamsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Alterations of temporomandibular disorders before and after orthognathic surgery
- 2007
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In: Angle orthodontist. - : Angle Orthodontist. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 77:4, s. 729-734
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Research review (other academic/artistic)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To answer the question whether orthognathic surgery does affect the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature survey in the PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases was performed and covered the period from January 1966 to April 2006. The inclusion criteria were controlled, prospective or retrospective studies comparing TMDs before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with malocclusion. There were no language restrictions, and three reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. The quality of the retrieved articles was evaluated by four reviewers. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 467 articles, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria. Because of few studies with unambiguous results and heterogeneity in study design, the scientific evidence was insufficient to evaluate the effects that orthognathic surgery had on TMD. Moreover, the studies had problems with inadequate selection description, confounding factors, and lack of method error analysis. CONCLUSION: To obtain reliable scientific evidence, additional well-controlled and well-designed studies are needed to determine how and if orthognathic surgery alters signs and symptoms of TMD.
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- Abrahamsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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TMD in consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery
- 2009
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In: Angle orthodontist. - : The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation). - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 33:4, s. 201-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To answer the question whether temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were more common in a group of individuals referred for orthognathic surgery than in a control group. The null hypothesis was that neither the frequency of signs and symptoms of TMD or diagnosed TMD would differ between the patient group and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 121 consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden, was interviewed and examined regarding signs and symptoms of TMD and headaches. A control group was formed by 56 age- and gender-matched individuals attending the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden, and Public Dental Health Clinic in Oxie, County of Skane, Sweden. TMD diagnoses were used according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). RESULTS: The patient group showed more myofascial pain without limited opening, disc displacement with reduction, and arthralgia according to RDC/TMD than the control group. The patient group also had more symptoms and signs of TMD in general. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis was rejected because patients who were to be treated with orthognathic surgery had more signs and symptoms of TMD and higher frequency of diagnosed TMD compared with the matched control group.
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- Abrahamsson, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Periosteal expansion of rabbit mandible with an osmotic self-inflatable expander
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-4311 .- 1651-2073. ; 43:3, s. 121-125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We aimed to evaluate a new technique for intraoral expansion of soft tissue with a self-inflatable expander in rabbits. We placed a self-inflatable soft tissue expander bilaterally in eight rabbits under the periosteum of the mandible through an extraoral approach. The expander was left to self-inflate for two weeks, after which the animals were killed and specimens collected for histological examination. The self-inflatable soft tissue expanders expanded the periosteum. There were no dehiscences or infections. Histological observations showed no signs of any inflammatory reaction and there was no evidence of bony resorption. New bone had formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum. In the control area no new bone had formed. The osmotic soft tissue expander model for intraoral soft tissue and periosteal expansion suggests a promising way of creating a surplus of soft tissue that can be used to cover bone grafts.
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- Abrahamsson, Thomas R, et al.
(author)
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Probiotic lactobacilli in breast milk and infant stool in relation to oral intake during the first year of life
- 2009
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In: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1536-4801 .- 0277-2116. ; 49:3, s. 349-354
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This is to identify factors affecting the prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri in maternal faeces and breast milk and infant faeces after oral supplementation with L reuteri and to assess the influence on microbial ecology, particularly Clostridium difficile and Bifidobacterium colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind trial, 232 mothers with a family history of atopic disease were randomized to a daily intake of either L reuteri American-type culture collection (ATCC) 55730 (1 x 10 colony-forming units [CFU]) or placebo for the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. Their babies then continued with the same study product daily from birth until 12 months of age. Bacterial counts and prevalence were assessed in maternal breast milk and faeces and infant faeces, using conventional cultivation methods. RESULTS: The prevalence of L reuteri was higher during the first year of life in the stool samples from infants in the active as compared with the placebo-treated group. The highest prevalence was recorded at 5 to 6 days of age (82% in the treated vs 20% in the placebo group, P < 0.001). Lactobacillus reuteri was isolated from 12% and 2%, respectively, in the colostrum samples (P < 0.05). Breast-feeding seemed to reduce faecal L reuteri counts, although antibiotics did not influence the levels of L reuteri. The administration of L reuteri did not affect bifidobacteria or C difficile colonization. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus reuteri may be detected in breast milk after oral supplementation to the mother and in almost all infants after oral supplementation during the first year of life, as well as occasionally in many untreated infants.
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- Adbo, Karina, et al.
(author)
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Learners' Mental Models of the Particle Nature of Matter: A study of 16-year-old Swedish science students
- 2009
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In: International Journal of Science Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0693 .- 1464-5289. ; 31:6, s. 757-786
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The results presented here derive from a longitudinal study of Swedish upper secondary science students' (16-19 years of age) developing understanding of key chemical concepts. The informants were 18 students from two different schools. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mental models of matter at the particulate level that learners develop. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews based around the students' own drawings of the atom, and of solids, liquids, and gases. The interview transcripts were analysed to identify patterns in the data that offer insight into aspects of student understanding. The findings are discussed in the specific curriculum context in Swedish schools. Results indicate that the teaching model of the atom (derived from Bohr's model) commonly presented by teachers and textbook authors in Sweden gives the students an image of a disproportionately large and immobile nucleus, emphasises a planetary model of the atom and gives rise to a chain of logic leading to immobility in the solid state and molecular breakdown during phase transitions. The findings indicate that changes in teaching approaches are required to better support learners in developing mental models that reflect the intended target knowledge.
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- Adelmann, Kent
(author)
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Konsten att lyssna : didaktiskt lyssnande i skola och utbildning
- 2009
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Av skolans styrdokument framgår det att tala och lyssna, läsa och skriva är centrala moment i elevernas språkutvecklande arbete. Och säkert kan både elever och lärare ge goda exempel på hur de målmedvetet använder och utvecklar förmågan att just tala, läsa och skriva. Däremot har de förmodligen svårare att förklara hur det konkreta arbetet kring aspekten lyssna ser ut. Som stöd för dagens lärare i svenska finns nämligen ingen tradition, ingen forskning, ingen litteratur, ingen begreppsapparat och inga kursplanemål eller betygskriterier för lyssundervisning och lyssutveckling. Konsten att lyssna behandlar ämnesaspekten Lyssna som receptionsdisciplin och lyfter fram den ur sin didaktiska icke-existens som ett språkligt redskap, jämbördig med undervisningsaspekterna Tala–Läsa–Skriva. För första gången får vi här beskrivningen av ett didaktiskt lyssnande med lysshistoria, lyssteori, lyssundervisning och lyssutveckling. Boken riktar sig främst till blivande och verksamma lärare i svenska samt handledare av olika slag i skola och utbildning, där lyssnande har en avgörande betydelse för coachning och lärande.
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