| 1. |
- Alafuzoff, Irina, 1952-
(author)
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Histopathological and immunocytochemical studies in age-associated dementias : the importance of rigorous histopathological criteria for classification of progressive dementia disorders
- 1985
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Dementia is an age-associated organic brain disorder, recognizable by the essential features of psychological or behavioral abnormality associated with permanent dysfunction of the brain interfering with social and occupational functioning.There are two clinical and three histopathological forms of dementia 1) primary degenerative dementia, (PDD), or Alzheimer's dementia/Senile dementia of Alzheimers type (AD/SDAT) which is associated with clinical features of uniform progression and insidious onset of symptoms and histopathologically i- dentified by the occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile/neuritic plaques (SP/NP) in various cortical and subcor- tical regions; 2) vascular dementia, or multi-infarct dementia (MID), which is associated with clinical features of stepwise progress and patchy distribution of deficits, and histopathologically identified by the occurrence of multiple large and/or small haemorrhagic and/or ischaemic infarcts in various cortical and subcortical regions and 3) intermediate form of dementia or "mixed” ("combined") dementia (AD-MID), which is histopatho- logically associated with the coexistance of symptoms and lesions observed in AD/SDAT and MID, and clinically referred to the MID group. The DSM-III criteria separate the demented into two groups, AD/SDAT and MID, while there are no unique clinical criteria for the AD-MID patients. The clinical diagnosis of dementia according to the DSM-III criteria was shown to be insufficient . Histopathological diagnostic criteria were postulated by us for 1) pathological changes developing in mentallyunimpaired ageing, 2) AD/ SPAT, 3) MID and 4) AD-MID.These histopathological classes could be separated, by means of multivariate data analysis. The pathology in AD-MID was shown not to be merely a linear combination of the AD/SDATand MID pathology.Intrathecal synthesis of Ig, oligoclonal bands or other abnormal proteins in the CSF could not be demonstrated in aged non-demen- ted and demented patients.The blood-cerebrospinal barrier (B-CSF-B) or blood-brain barrier (BBB) function alters with age and this alteration was shown to be more pronounced in MID and AD-MID patients. In MID and AD-MID patients the BBB alteration involves primarily the grey matter while in AD/SDAT patients the alteration would appear to involve only the white matter. The BBB dysfunction and a possible complement activation, either through antibody-anti- gen activation or other complement activators, was visualized in MID and AD-MID patients as perivascular serum protein deposits in the grey matter, always with a capillary in the center. The occurrence of some serum proteins in plaques, and the previously descibed localization of plaques in close relationship to the capillaries, suggest that altered BBB function and serum factors may be involved in the etiology and maturation of plaques while the etiology and maturation of tangles may not be directly dependent on these factors, as they were never labelled with any of the antisera studied.
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| 2. |
- Albiin, Nils, 1955-
(author)
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Middle ear structure in relation to function : the rat in middle ear research
- 1985
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present study was undertaken to evaluate the rat as a model for middle ear research. The rat was chosen primarily because the gross structure of its middle ear shows several similarities to that of man. It was considered of great importance to make a thorough structural study of the rat middle ear and to compare the results with those reported for the human middle ear. The thesis therefore includes independent studies on various aspects of rat middle ear structure and function as well as a review of the literature. The most pertinent findings in the experimental part of this study were the following.The rat Eustachian tube consists of a nasopharyngeal, and a cartilaginous and bony portion. The orifice of the nasopharyngeal portion is composed of two soft tissue lips, which appear to be opened mainly by the action of the salpingopharyngeal muscle, but also by the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles. The cartilaginous portion appears to be opened solely by the tensor veli palatini muscle. The tensor tympani muscle seems to have no effect on the tube.A ciliated and secretory epithelium lines the inferomedial walls of the tube throughout its length. In the tympanic cavity these thelial cell types extend as two tracts - one anterior and the other inferoposterior to the promontory - which communicate with the epitympanic/attic compartments. The remaining parts of the tube and the tympanic cavity are covered by a squamous/cuboidal, non-ciliated epithelium. The subepithelial loose connective tissue contains vessels, nerves, and connective tissue cells, among these mast cells. The mast cells are confined to areas covered by the ciliated epithelium, and in the floor of the bulla, in the pars flaccida, and along the manubrial vessels. Glands are restricted to the Eustachian tube.In the clearance/transport of serum-like material, from the epitympanum towards the tube, hydrostatic forces appear to be important.The tympanic membrane is vascularized from meatal and tympanal vessels. Meatal vessels branch in the pars flaccida and along the handle of the malleus, where they are localized directly beneath the outer, keratinizing, stratified, squamous epithelium. Furthermore, meatal vessels form a vascular network at the junction between the fibrocartilaginous annulus and the tympanic sulcus. Tympanal vessels send branches to the periphery of the pars tensa, where they run immediately beneath the tympanal, simple, squamous epithelium. In the major portion of the pars tensa, no blood vessels were found.The rat stapedial artery is a thin-walled vessel with a wide lumen. Without branching, it runs through the tympanic cavity to the extratympanal regions it supplies. In contrast to the corresponding artery in man, the rat stapedial artery persists throughout life. The artery does not seem to be affected by the fluid produced during experimentally induced otitis media with effusion.The middle ear structure in the rat and in man show both similarities and differences. If the differences are kept in mind and considered, it would seem that the rat is indeed a suitable model for experimental middle ear research.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Per
(author)
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Thermal conductivity under pressure and through phase transitions in solid alkali halides : I. Experimental results for KCl, KBr, KI, RbCl, RbBr and RbI
- 1985
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In: Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0022-3719. ; 18:20, s. 3943-3955
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The thermal conductivity, lambda , of polycrystalline KCl, KBr, KI, RbCl, RbBr and RbI has been measured at temperatures (T) from 100-400K at pressures (P) up to about 2.6 GPa, using the transient hot-wire method. Extensive results were obtained for lambda (T,P) of both the low-pressure (NaCl-type) and high-pressure (CsCl-type) phases. There was generally good agreement with previous results for lambda (P) at room temperature, the decrease of lambda through the phase transition and lambda (T) at atmospheric pressure. The heat capacity per unit volume was also measured simultaneously but for technical reasons data could be obtained only near room temperature. Corresponding values of specific heat capacity were in good agreement with previous work over the whole pressure range.
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| 4. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Borderline diagnosis from hospital records : reliability and validity of Gunderson's diagnostic interview for Borderlines (DIB)
- 1985
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In: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 173:1, s. 32-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two trained and experienced clinical psychologists and two nontrained students rated the sections in Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) on the basis of hospital records for 16 patients (DIB-R). The results showed that both reliability and validity, i.e., correlations with an actual interview, were unexpectedly high, around .80 for the trained judges and around .55 for the nontrained judges. The conclusion is that the DIB may be used for retrospective diagnosis of borderline patients from hospital records.
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| 5. |
- Backman, Jarl, 1941-
(author)
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Läsförståelse som funktion av subjektivt inducerade variationer i läshastighet
- 1985
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fyrtio universitetsstuderande deltog i ett experiment, vars syfte var att utreda hur en förändring av den egna läshastigheten påverkade läsförståelsen av text.vDenna intraindividuella hastighetsvariation bekräftar vad man funnit vid interindividuella jämförelser, t ex att differensen mellan snabba och långsamma läsare är störst i texter med normal svårighetsgrad. Studien gav också den praktiska implikationen att s k snabbläsningskursers positiva effekter på långsamma läsare inte omedelbart kan stödjas. Den konträra effekten får emellertid starkt stöd: om snabba läsare minskar sin läshastighet fås reliabla gynnsamma effekter på läsförståelsen.
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| 6. |
- Bani Sacchi, T, et al.
(author)
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Nesidioblastosis and islet cell changes related to endogenous hypergastrinemia.
- 1985
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In: Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology. - 0340-6075. ; 48:3, s. 261-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The endocrine pancreas from four hypergastrinemic patients with recurrent peptic ulceration has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Greatly increased numbers of ducts and centroacinar cells have been observed associated with a striking increase in the number of islets and endocrine cells scattered in the acinar tissue (nesidioblastosis). The islet cells scattered throughout the exocrine parenchyma are of all the known islet cell types, with a prevalence of B and especially A cells. Many islets, probably formed de novo, are of a considerable size, have irregular contours and are in close apposition to centroacinar cells and ducts. The degree of nesidioblastosis and islet hyperplasia does not seem to be related to the plasma gastrin levels. Cytological changes have also been found in the islet cells of the hypergastrinemic patients compared with controls. These changes mainly affect the B cells and consist of a striking decrease in the number of mature secretory granules associated with a fairly extended ergastoplasm and Golgi apparatus and with a relevant increase in the number of immature granules. In two of the four patients examined, who had more severe hypergastrinemia, cytological signs of enhanced secretion are also recognized in A cells. The features indicating hypersecretion of B and A cells seem to be related to the plasma gastrin levels. The above findings indicate that chronic endogenous hypergastrinemia promotes proliferation and differentiation of islet cells and stimulates the secretory function of B cells and, to a lesser extent, of A cells, thus providing evidence for a trophic and secretagogue action of gastrin on the endocrine pancreas.
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| 7. |
- Berglin, Ewa H., MD, PhD, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Potentiation by sulfide of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli
- 1985
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In: Infection and Immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 49:3, s. 538-543
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- L-Cysteine potentiates 100-fold the hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of a growing culture of Escherichia coli K-12 (Berglin et al., J. Bacteriol. 152:81-88). In the present study it is shown that hydrogen sulfide is formed from L-cysteine and that sodium sulfide could substitute for L-cysteine in the potentiation of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of E. coli K-12. Addition of an amino acid, L-leucine, L-valine, or L-alanine, to an L-cysteine-containing medium with a growing culture of E. coli K-12 inhibited hydrogen sulfide formation and the potentiation of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing. These amino acids did not inhibit hydrogen sulfide formation from L-cysteine by a cell extract, and they did not inhibit the potentiation by sulfide of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing. This indicated that the amino acids protected the culture from L-cysteine-potentiated, hydrogen peroxide-induced killing by inhibiting the transport of L-cysteine into the cell. The potentiation by sodium sulfide of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing was abolished by the metal ion chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl. This indicated that metal ions, in addition to sulfide, were involved in the killing. Toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide are often presumed to be mediated by hydroxyl radicals formed in iron-catalyzed reactions. It was demonstrated that iron sulfide was more efficient than ferrous iron in catalyzing the formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide. It was suggested that hydrogen sulfide formed in polymicrobial infections may play an important role in the host defense by potentiating the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide produced by phagocytic cells.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Björnstig, Ulf
(author)
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Snowmobile, motorcycle and moose-car accidents : aspects on injury control
- 1985
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Injuries related to snowmobiles, motorcycles and moose-car collisions have increased. The aim of the present thesis was to analyse mechanisms and consequences in fatal and non-fatal accidents of these types, and to penetrate possible preventive measures.SnowmobilesThe median age of the injured was 30 and of the killed 32, males predominating. A majority of the accidents occurred during weekends, and especially the fatal accidents occurred after dark. The extremities were the most commonly injured parts of the body, however, drowning, crushed chest and cranial injuries caused most of the fatalities. Among the fatalities, four out of five were under the influence of alcohol. The present Swedish laws regarding snowmobiles seem well motivated. "Built-in" safety measures in the construction of the snowmobiles, properly designed snowmobile tracks and functional search and rescue systems could reduce the injuries.MotorcyclesThe median age was 19 years for both the traffic injured and the killed. Half of the traffic accidents were collisions with other motor vehicles. In the fatally injured group, also collisions with fixed roadside objects were common. Of the fatally injured, more than every fifth person died in an accident where alcohol was an influential factor. In the injured group, lower extremity injuries (especially in off-road riding) were common and among the fatalities most riders died from injuries to the head or chest. Out of one thousand motorcycle riders interviewed, 45% reported wobbling experiences (8% reported severe wobbling). Possible injury reducing measures include increasing the licensing age, more discriminating driving test, "built-in" restriction of the motorcycle's top speed, elimination of motorcycles prone to wobbling, and a more intensive traffic supervision (speeding, alcohol).Moose-car collisitionsThe median age of the drivers was 38 years. Most collisions happened at dusk or when dark (3/4). The median collision speed was 70 km/h. The damage to the car was typical, the roof and the windshield pillars were deformed downwards and backwards. The broken windshield was often pressed into the passenger compartment. Most of the injured car occupants suffered cuts predominantly to the head and upper extremities. Nearly all the fatally injured died of head and neck injuries. The injuries may be reduced by strengthening the roof and the windshield pillars, and by introducing anti 1 acerati ve windshields.
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| 10. |
- Borg, H, et al.
(author)
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Evidence for IFN-beta heterogeneity in a substrain of Namalwa cells.
- 1985
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In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 11:2, s. 111-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A substrain of Namalwa cells, denoted substrain B, was grown in fermentors up to the 100-L scale, and was induced with Sendai virus to produce interferon (IFN). The titer of the crude IFN varied extensively between different batches; part of the variation was caused by a differential expression of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. More than 80% of the IFN activity was IFN-beta by several criteria. A two-step purification procedure was developed and the resulting preparation had a specific activity of approximately 10(6) U/mg protein. The IFN-beta type was found to be heterogeneous, and could be separated into several components, which probably represented post-translational modifications of one molecule.
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