| 1. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer : the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial
- 2008
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 100:16, s. 1144-1154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up.METHODS: From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P = .09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94; P = .03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% CI = 3.3 to 61.8; P < .001).CONCLUSION: Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gunvor, et al.
(author)
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Etiska reflektioner
- 2008
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In: Forskningsmetodik för socialvetare. - 9789127109650 ; , s. 235-249
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Mice Lacking 12/15-Lipoxygenase have Attenuated Airway Allergic Inflammation and Remodeling.
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1535-4989. ; 39:6, s. 648-656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1 has been implicated in allergic inflammation and asthma. The overall effect of 15-LO in allergic inflammation in vivo is, however, unclear. This study investigates systemic allergen sensitization and local allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in mice lacking the murine 12/15-LO, the ortholog to human 15-LO-1. Upon systemic sensitization with intraperitoneal ovalbumin, 12/15 LO(-/-) mice produced elevated levels of allergen-specific IgE compared to wild type (Wt) controls. However, when challenged with repeated aerosolized allergen sensitized 12/15 LO(-/-) mice had an impaired development of airway allergic inflammation compared to Wt controls, as indicated by reduced BAL fluid leukocytes (eosinophils, lymphocytes macrophages) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) as well as tissue eosinophils. Allergen-induced airway epithelial proliferation was also significantly attenuated in 12/15 LO(-/-) mice whereas goblet cell hyperplasia was unaffected. However, 12/15 LO(-/-) mice had significantly reduced luminal mucus secretions compared to Wt controls. The repeated allergen challenges resulted in a dramatic increase of alpha-smooth muscle-actin positive alveolar cells in the peripheral airways, a phenomenon that was significantly less developed in 12/15 LO(-/-) mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that 12/15 LO(-/-) mice, although having a fully developed systemic sensitization, did not establish a fully developed allergic airway inflammation and associated manifestations of central and peripheral airway remodeling. These data suggest that 12/15-LO derived metabolites play an important pathophysiological role in allergen-induced inflammation and remodeling. Hence, pharmacologic targeting of the human 15-LO-1 may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to control inflammation and remodeling in asthma.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Egil, et al.
(author)
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Single-photon core-valence double ionization of molecular oxygen
- 2008
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In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 78, s. 023409-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Single-photon core-valence double ionization of molecular oxygen has been studied using a magnetic bottle time-of-flight electron coincidence spectrometer. The K-1V-1 double ionization electron spectrum of O-2 is reported and is assigned with the aid of ab initio calculations. A direct comparison of the core-valence double ionization electron spectra with the conventional valence band photoelectron spectrum is made. The lowest core-valence double ionization energy is found to be 571.6 eV and is associated with a (3)Pi dicationic state.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of balance among patients with vestibular disturbance : Application of the match/mismatch model
- 2008
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In: Audiological Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 6:3, s. 176-183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigated the role of overprediction in patients with vestibular disorders. The study was set up to investigate if the match/mismatch model is applicable for vestibular disorders. This model suggests that a tendency to overestimate the subjective impact of aversive events exists, and that this is a common psychological phenomenon. A group of 20 patients with dizziness and 20 normal controls participated in the experiment. The first part of the experiment consisted of nine spontaneous predictions. During all trials, vibratory calf stimulation of 80 Hz was provided to affect balance. In the second part of the experiment each group was split (randomly assigned) into one overprediction and one underprediction group, who received either 40 or 100 Hz calf stimulation with the change occurring in the fourth trial. Body sway was measured by a force platform. Included also were self-report inventories and measures of predicted and experienced body sway and risk of losing balance. The results showed that the patients overpredicted the first trial to a lesser degree than the controls. In the control group a repeated measures effect was found, but not in the patient group. However, in terms of percentages of correct predictions both groups improved as the trials proceeded. Induced under- or over-prediction was obtained for perceived body sway, but not for the prediction of risk of losing balance, where the overprediction groups instead underpredicted. Body sway data did not result in any interactions, but controls became more stable over trials. Implications for the proposed link between vestibular dysfunction and panic disorder are discussed. © 2008 Informa UK Ltd. (Informa Healthcare, Taylor & Francis As).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Analysis and improvement of the position nonlinearity caused by a residual stress in MOS-type position-sensitive detectors with indium tin oxide gate contact
- 2008
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In: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0268-1242 .- 1361-6641. ; 23:7, s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, lateral effect position-sensitive detectors based on the MOS principle have been fabricated in lengths of 15 mm, 45 mm and 60 mm. The gate contact covering the active area consists of indium tin oxide which is a degenerate semiconductor transparent in the visible spectral range. Characterization and analysis have both been performed especially withparticular focus on the nonlinearity believed to be caused by stray stress induced in the inversion channel originating in the indium tin oxide gate contact. Stress in the channel will change the resistance in a non-uniform manner because of the piezoresistance effect, thus causing a nonlinearity in the position determination. It has been shown that the heat treatmentgreatly influences the linearity of the position-sensitive detectors. A heat treatment performed correctly results in 60 mm and 15 mm detectors with nonlinearity within ±0.1% and 45 mm detectors with nonlinearity within ±0.15% over 60% of the active length. This is an improvement over the previous results with this type of MOS position-sensitive detector. By performing a correctly timed heat treatment this PSD type has the potential to be used incommon position-sensing applications.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Electroless deposition and silicidation of Ni contacts into p-type Porous Silicon
- 2008
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In: Journal of porous materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1380-2224 .- 1573-4854. ; 15:3, s. 335-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Porous Silicon (PS) has attracted much attention since the discovery of its photo luminescent behavior. It has also been used for various other applications such as electroluminescent light emitting-diodes (LEDs), photodetectors and solar cells. For such devices, it is important to make good metallic Ohmic contacts to the PS in order to maximize the efficiency. In order to produce buried contacts, barrier layers, Schottky devices, etc. in PS, it is advantageous to deposit metal that covers not only the surface of the porous layer, but also the inside walls and the bottom of the pores. In this work experiments were performed to examine the morphology and properties of electroless deposition of Nickel into p-type PS and subsequent formation of Nickel silicide after heat treatment. Circular PS samples of 6 mm diameter were produced by anodizing p-type Silicon wafers for 15 min and were subsequently plated with Ni using three different plating baths. The pores are on average 20 µm deep and 4 µm wide. Two samples of each type were heat treated in an nitrogen atmosphere for one hour at 400 and 600°C respectively to produce Nickel silicide. Reference samples were made by means of electron beam evaporation of Ni. SEM micrographs show that the best pore coverage was achieved using the Ni plating bath containing hypophosphite. I–V characterization shows that different rectifying and Ohmic contacts can be formed between electroless deposited Ni and PS depending on the conditions of the heat treatment. XRD and EDX characterizations show that both the NiSi and Ni2Si phases exist in the sample at the same time.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of an Integrated Fourier-Transform Spectrometer Utilizing a Lateral Effect Position Sensitive Detector with a Multi-Channel Fabry-Perot Interferometer
- 2008
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In: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 19:4, s. 045306-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The basis of this paper is the evaluation of an integrated multi-channel Fourier-transform (FT) spectrometer based on a multi-channel wedge Fabry-Perot interferometer and a one-dimensional lateral effect position sensitive detector (PSD). The use of a PSD for an interferogram readout allows for a simple scanning mechanism with no requirement for any position reference. The use of a wedge-shaped interferometer makes it possible to integrate it directly onto the PSD surface, thus producing a very compact spectrometer. The capabilities of the spectrometer are demonstrated by absorption spectral measurements using a reference sample. In addition, spectral measurements on 532 nm DPSS and 632.8 nm He-Ne lasers are presented. The resolution of the spectrometer is approximately 5 nm. The evaluated spectrometer set-up can be used in applications where compact and low cost spectrometers are required, such as in process control and in education. Further, it is shown that there are deteriorations in very high accuracy position measurements, which are caused by changes in incident light intensity. A model describing the above-mentioned nonlinearities was developed based on analysing the equivalent circuit for PSDs and parameters such as leakage current and serial resistance. Additionally, a method is proposed to assist in the reduction of the nonlinearity caused by this effect.
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