| 1. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(author)
-
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Rindi, G., et al.
(author)
-
TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system.
- 2006
-
In: Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0945-6317 .- 1432-2307. ; 449:4, s. 395-401
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The need for standards in the management of patients with endocrine tumors of the digestive system prompted the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) to organize a first Consensus Conference, which was held in Frascati (Rome) and was based on the recently published ENETS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of digestive neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Here, we report the tumor-node-metastasis proposal for foregut NETs of the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas that was designed, discussed, and consensually approved at this conference. In addition, we report the proposal for a working formulation for the grading of digestive NETs based on mitotic count and Ki-67 index. This proposal, which needs to be validated, is meant to help clinicians in the stratification, treatment, and follow-up of patients.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjerregaard, Bine Kjoller, et al.
(author)
-
Tobacco smoke and bladder cancer-in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2006
-
In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 119:10, s. 2412-2416
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking and the development of bladder cancer. The study population consisted of 429,906 persons participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 633 of whom developed bladder cancer during the follow-up period. An increased risk of bladder cancer was found for both current- (incidence rate ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval: 3.07-5.09) and ex- (2.25, 1.74-2.91) smokers, compared to never-smokers. A positive association with intensity (per 5 cigarettes) was found among current-smokers (1.18, 1.09-1.28). Associations (per 5 years) were observed for duration (1.14, 1.08-1.21), later age at start (0.75, 0.66-0.85) and longer time since quitting (0.92, 0.86-0.98). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during childhood increased the risk of bladder cancer (1.38, 1.00-1.90), whereas for ETS exposure as adult no effect was detected. The present study confirms the strong association between smoking and bladder cancer. The indication of a higher risk of bladder cancer for those who start smoking at a young age and for those exposed to ETS during childhood adds to the body of evidence suggesting that children are more sensitive to carcinogens than adults. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Kamiyama, S., et al.
(author)
-
Extremely high quantum efficiency of donor-acceptor-pair emission in N-and-B-doped 6H-SiC
- 2006
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 99:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-efficiency visible light emission in N-and-B-doped 6H-SiC epilayers was observed in photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. The orange-yellow light emission due to the recombination of donor-acceptor pairs (DAPs) has a broad spectrum with a peak wavelength of 576 nm and a full width at half maximum of 110 nm at 250 K. The high B concentration of more than 1018 cm-3 improves the emission efficiency of the DAP recombination at a high temperature. Compared with the photoluminescence spectrum of GaN at 10 K, a high quantum efficiency of 95% was estimated for the highly B-doped sample. From time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, a DAP recombination time of 5.0 ms was obtained, which is in good agreement with the calculated value by the rate equation with the assumption of a 95% internal quantum efficiency. This is quite promising as a light-emitting medium by optical pumping, as well as monolithic light sources combined with nitride-based light-emitting diodes grown on the DA-doped SiC epilayer. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mylin, Anne K., et al.
(author)
-
Serum YKL-40 concentrations in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and YKL-40 expression in malignant plasma cells
- 2006
-
In: European Journal of Haematology. - 1600-0609. ; 77:5, s. 416-424
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: A potential role in cancer biology is suggested for YKL-40 (CHI3L1, HC gp-39). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of serum YKL-40 (sYKL-40) in multiple myeloma (MM) and to examine YKL-40 expression in malignant plasma cells (MM PCs). Methods: sYKL-40 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 82 patients with newly diagnosed MM. YKL-40 expression in immunophenotypically defined plasma cells was investigated by double-labelled immunohistochemistry in 21 MM patients and by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in cDNA archives generated by global RT-PCR in seven controls, 14 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 45 MM patients, nine patients with extramedullary myeloma (exMM), and seven human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). Results: sYKL-40 was elevated above a constructed reference range for healthy controls in 29% of the patients investigated. Patients with elevated sYKL-40 had reduced overall survival and event-free survival when compared to patients with normal sYKL-40, but sYKL-40 level was defeated by beta(2)-microglobulin in the multivariate analyses. Intramedullary MM PCs lacked significant expression of YKL-40, but high levels of YKL-40 expression were seen in extramedullary MM PCs from one exMM patient and in six HMCLs. Further investigations of other bone marrow (BM) cells showed YKL-40 expression in megakaryocytes, neutrophils and adherent cells from long-term BM cultures. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed MM-patients, a sYKL-40 elevated above the reference range predicts a poor clinical outcome, and YKL-40 is expressed by other BM cells than MM PCs. At this point, routine measurements of sYKL-40 are not warranted, but YKL-40 should be considered as a potential player in the pathophysiology of MM.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Pischon, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)
- 2006
-
In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 98:13, s. 920-931
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Body weight and body mass index (BMI) are positively related to risk of colon cancer in men, whereas weak or no associations exist in women. This discrepancy may be related to differences in fat distribution between sexes or to the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women. Methods: We used multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between anthropometric measures and risks of colon and rectal cancer among 368 277 men and women who were free of cancer at baseline from nine countries of the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During 6.1 years of follow-up, we identified 984 and 586 patients with colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Body weight and BMI were statistically significantly associated with colon cancer risk in men (highest versus lowest quintile of BMI, relative risk [RR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12 to 2.15; P-trend =.006) but not in women. In contrast, comparisons of the highest to the lowest quintile showed that several anthropometric measures, including waist circumference (men, RR = 1.39,95% CI = 1.01 to 1.93; P-trend = .001; women, RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.08 to 2.03; P-trend =.008), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; men, RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.15; P-trend =.006; women, RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.05; P-trend =.002), and height (men, RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.98; P-trend =.04; women, RR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.46; P-trend <.001) were related to colon cancer risk in both sexes. The estimated absolute risk of developing colon cancer within 5 years was 203 and 131 cases per 100 000 men and 129 and 86 cases per 100000 women in the highest and lowest quintiles of WHR, respectively. Upon further stratification, no association of waist circumference and WHR with risk of colon cancer was observed among postmenopausal women who used HRT. None of the anthropometric measures was statistically significantly related to rectal cancer. Conclusions: Waist circumference and WHR, indicators of abdominal obesity, were strongly associated with colon cancer risk in men and women in this population. The association of abdominal obesity with colon cancer risk may vary depending on HRT use in postmenopausal women; however, these findings require confirmation in future studies.
|
|
| 9. |
- Rohrmann, Sabine, et al.
(author)
-
Ethanol intake and risk of lung cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)
- 2006
-
In: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 164:11, s. 1103-1114
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), the authors examined the association of ethanol intake at recruitment (1,119 cases) and mean lifelong ethanol intake (887 cases) with lung cancer. Information on baseline and past alcohol consumption, lifetime tobacco smoking, diet, and the anthropometric characteristics of 478,590 participants was collected between 1992 and 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Overall, neither ethanol intake at recruitment nor mean lifelong ethanol intake was significantly associated with lung cancer. However, moderate intake (5-14.9 g/day) at recruitment (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 0.90) and moderate mean lifelong intake (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.97) were associated with a lower lung cancer risk in comparison with low consumption (0.1-4.9 g/day). Compared with low intake, a high (>= 60 g/day) mean lifelong ethanol intake tended to be related to a higher risk of lung cancer (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.74), but high intake at recruitment was not. Although there was no overall association between ethanol intake and risk of lung cancer, the authors cannot rule out a lower risk for moderate consumption and a possibly increased risk for high lifelong consumption.
|
|
| 10. |
- Varju, Katalin, et al.
(author)
-
Angularly resolved electron wave packet interferences
- 2006
-
In: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 39:18, s. 3983-3991
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study experimentally the ionization of argon atoms by a train of attosecond pulses in the presence of a strong infrared laser field, using a velocity map imaging technique. The recorded momentum distribution strongly depends on the delay between the attosecond pulses and the laser field. We interpret the interference patterns observed for different delays using numerical and analytical calculations within the strong field approximation.
|
|
