| 1. |
- Riordan, E, et al.
(author)
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Design and implementation of a low temperature, inductance based high frequency alternating current susceptometer.
- 2019
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In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 90:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the implementation of an induction based, low temperature, high frequency ac susceptometer capable of measuring at frequencies up to 3.5 MHz and at temperatures between 2 K and 300 K. Careful balancing of the detection coils and calibration allow a sample magnetic moment resolution of 5 × 10−10 Am2 at 1 MHz. We discuss the design and characterization of the susceptometer and explain the calibration process. We also include some example measurements on the spin ice material CdEr2S4 and iron oxide based nanoparticles to illustrate functionality.
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| 2. |
- Skjelnes, Roy Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Explicit projective embeddings of standard opens of the Hilbert scheme of points
- 2022
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In: Journal of Algebra. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-8693 .- 1090-266X. ; 590, s. 254-276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe explicitly how certain standard opens of the Hilbert scheme of points are embedded into Grassmannians. The standard opens of the Hilbert scheme that we consider are given as the intersection of a corresponding basic open affine of the Grassmannian and a closed stratum determined by a Fitting ideal.
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| 3. |
- Amssaya, Haileyesus, et al.
(author)
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A Monitoring and Rescuing System Using Next Generation Mobile, Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence for Freshwater Lakes in Africa
- 2023
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In: 2023 IEEE AFRICON. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350336221 - 9798350336214
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper an experimental system assisted by emerging digital technologies is developed, for monitoring and controlling invasive water hyacinth weed and rescue operation of freshwater lakes in Africa. The system is designed to integrate fifth generation ultra-reliable low latency communication (5G URLLC), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), underwater robots, smart environmental sensing with internet of things (IoT) and machine learning techniques for real time monitoring, managing, controlling and predicting the expansion of invasive water hyacinth weed. The experimental system for sensor data collection implemented on lake Tana in Ethiopia will be expanded to other fresh water lakes of Africa affected by water hyacinth weed. System modeling and data analytics based on sensor data will be performed to generate decision inference for controlling the growth of water hyacinth in the water bodies of the lake. Environmental data collection from other local sources will be integrated with sensor data for further system modeling and critical action analysis and implementation using machine learning algorithms to remove the main causes for the rapid expansion of water hyacinth throughout the lake.
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| 4. |
- Bergen, Karin
(author)
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Microvesicles, skin microcirculation and clinical microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Type 1 diabetes is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic disease associated with a highly elevated risk of microvascular complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, as well as premature cardiovascular disease. Aim: this thesis sought to study plasma microvesicles (MVs) and skin microcirculation in relation to clinical microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes, to try to identify potential clinical biomarkers. In a separate laboratory investigation, we explored how different centrifugation protocols affect flow cytometry measurement of MVs. Methods: In Papers I and II we measured plasma MVs of different cellular origins and their expression of procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS) and proinflammatory HMGB1 in 236 well-characterized patients and 100 matched healthy controls using flow cytometry. Plasma lactadherin was analyzed using ELISA. In Paper III we compared the MISEV 2018 centrifugation protocol to different single centrifugation protocols in terms of effect on MV levels and remaining cell fragments. In Paper IV we investigated skin microvascular reactivity in 61 patients with type 1 diabetes with and without microangiopathy and 31 healthy controls. Results: In Paper I we found significantly higher levels of total plasma MVs, PS+ and PSMVs in patients compared to controls, but with no correlation to clinical microangiopathy. Plasma lactadherin was increased in patients versus controls, and patients with microangiopathy had significantly higher levels than patients without. In Paper II, we found that subpopulations of both endothelial and platelet derived MVs were significantly increased in patients compared to controls. We also showed a significant increase in HMGB1+ MVs in type 1 diabetes. In Paper III, we demonstrated that a single round of centrifugation prior to freezing, followed by re-centrifugation after thawing, resulted in lower MV levels but also lower cell fragmentation than the MISEV 2018 protocol, decreasing the likelihood of false positive events. In Paper IV, we found that impairment in skin microvascular reactivity in patients with type 1 diabetes related to their degree of clinical microangiopathy. Conclusions: Type 1 diabetes is associated with significantly increased MV levels, but with no relationship to clinical microangiopathy. The striking elevation of endothelial MV levels in type 1 diabetes points to pervasive endothelial dysfunction, whereas evidence of platelet hyperactivity was less pronounced. Elevated HMGB1+ MVs and plasma lactadherin in patients with type 1 diabetes could have implications for future vascular complications. A standardized centrifugation protocol using a single round of centrifugation prior to freezing, followed by recentrifugation prior to flow cytometry analysis, was found to be a pragmatic approach for measuring MVs in larger clinical studies. Skin microvascular reactivity correlated with the severity of clinical microangiopathy in patients, suggesting that type 1 diabetes seems to affect the microvasculature in the whole body. Our findings support the use of skin microcirculation as a clinically relevant bedside model for the study of microangiopathy.
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| 6. |
- Jonason, Dennis, et al.
(author)
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Assessing the effect of the time since transition to organic farming on plants and butterflies
- 2011
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In: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2664 .- 0021-8901. ; 48:3, s. 543-550
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- P>1. Environmental changes may not always result in rapid changes in species distributions, abundances or diversity. In order to estimate the effects of, for example, land-use changes caused by agri-environment schemes (AES) on biodiversity and ecosystem services, information on the time-lag between the application of the scheme and the responses of organisms is essential. 2. We examined the effects of time since transition (TST) to organic farming on plant species richness and butterfly species richness and abundance. Surveys were conducted in cereal fields and adjacent field margins on 60 farms, 20 conventional and 40 organic, in two regions in Sweden. The organic farms were transferred from conventional management between 1 and 25 years before the survey took place. The farms were selected along a gradient of landscape complexity, indicated by the proportion of arable land, so that farms with similar TST were represented in all landscape types. Organism responses were assessed using model averaging. 3. Plant and butterfly species richness was c. 20% higher on organic farms and butterfly abundance was about 60% higher, compared with conventional farms. Time since transition affected butterfly abundance gradually over the 25-year period, resulting in a 100% increase. In contrast, no TST effect on plant or butterfly species richness was found, indicating that the main effect took place immediately after the transition to organic farming. 4. Increasing landscape complexity had a positive effect on butterfly species richness, but not on butterfly abundance or plant species richness. There was no indication that the speed of response to organic farming was affected by landscape complexity. 5. Synthesis and applications. The effect of organic farming on diversity was rapid for plant and butterfly species richness, whereas butterfly abundance increased gradually with time since transition. If time-lags in responses to AESs turn out to be common, long-term effects would need to be included in management recommendations and policy to capture the full potential of such schemes.
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| 7. |
- Roos, Sandra, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Three methods for strategic product toxicity assessment - the case of the cotton T-shirt
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 20:7, s. 903-912
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The use and emission of chemicals and the intrinsic toxic properties of some of these chemicals are an important topic in the textile industry. Quantitative evaluation of toxic impacts is a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, termed “toxic footprint” in this article. We ask whether calculation of toxic footprints is a useful method to steer the textile industry towards more sustainable use of chemicals. Methods: Three different methods by which strategic product toxicity assessment can be performed within the context of LCA are illustrated and compared using a wet treatment process for a cotton T-shirt as the basis of a case study. The methods are the USEtox model chosen for the European Product Environmental Footprint work, the Score System presented in the European Commission’s Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textiles Industry, and the Strategy Tool presented by Askham. The methods are compared in terms of their ease of use and whether the results give a consistent evaluation of a set of chemicals. Results and discussion: New USEtox characterisation factors for textile chemicals were calculated and used for this article. The results show that the three methods do not give a consistent evaluation of the different wet treatment chemicals. Both the Score System and the Strategy Tool are very concerned with persistent contaminants such as the optical brightener in this case study, which is deemed to be less important by USEtox. The calculations also show how the results generated by the USEtox model depend on whether users apply (1) only the recommended characterisation factors or (2) these and the interim characterisation factors or (3) these and the new characterisation factors calculated for this article. Conclusions and recommendations: With current policy initiatives such as the Product Environmental Footprint now being applied for textile products, toxicity assessment will by default be performed in the LCA of textiles. It is important that the results are relevant and representative as the intended users are supposed to take actions based on them. Confidence in the results is crucial for a scientific method, and therefore, this exploratory comparison exercise shows how benchmarking can be a tool to make the differences in background assumptions explicit, to better understand the differences in the results, and help create such confidence.
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