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- Adcox, K, et al.
(author)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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2. |
- Powell, KJ, et al.
(author)
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Chemical speciation of Hg(II) with environmental inorganic ligands
- 2004
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In: AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY. - 0004-9425. ; 57:10, s. 993-1000
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Complex formation between Hg(II) and the common environmental ligands Cl-, OH-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- can have profound effects on Hg(II) speciation in naturalwaters with low concentrations of organic matter. Hg(II) is labile, so its distribution among these inorganic ligands can be estimated by numerical modelling if reliable values for the relevant stability constants are available. A summary of critically reviewed constants and related thermodynamic data is presented. Recommended values of log(10) beta(p,q,r)(o) and the associated reaction enthalpies, Delta(r)H(m)(o), valid at I-m = 0 mol kg(-1) and 25degreesC, along with the equations and specific ion interaction coefficients required to calculate log(10) beta(p,q,r) values at higher ionic strengths and other temperatures are also presented. Under typical environmental conditions Hg(II) speciation is dominated by the reactions Hg2+ + 2Cl(-) reversible arrow HgCl2(aq) (log(10) beta(2)(o) = 14.00 +/- 0.07), Hg2+ + Cl- + H2O reversible arrow Hg(OH) Cl(aq) + H+ (log(10) beta(o) = 4.27 +/- 0.35), and Hg2+ + 2H(2)O reversible arrow Hg(OH)(2(aq)) + 2H(+) (log(10)* beta(2)(o) =- 5.98 +/- 0.06).
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