| 1. |
- Klintman, Marie, et al.
(author)
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The Prognostic Value of Mitotic Activity Index (MAI), Phosphohistone H3 (PPH3), Cyclin B1, Cyclin A, and Ki67, Alone and in Combinations, in Node-Negative Premenopausal Breast Cancer
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proliferation, either as the main common denominator in genetic profiles, or in the form of single factors such as Ki67, is recommended for clinical use especially in estrogen receptor-positive (ER) patients. However, due to high costs of genetic profiles and lack of reproducibility for Ki67, studies on other proliferation factors are warranted. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the proliferation factors mitotic activity index (MAI), phosphohistone H3 (PPH3), cyclin B1, cyclin A and Ki67, alone and in combinations. In 222 consecutive premenopausal node-negative breast cancer patients (87% without adjuvant medical treatment), MAI was assessed on whole tissue sections (predefined cut-off >= 10 mitoses), and PPH3, cyclin B1, cyclin A, and Ki67 on tissue microarray (predefined cut-offs 7th decile). In univariable analysis (high versus low) the strongest prognostic proliferation factor for 10-year distant disease-free survival was MAI (Hazard Ratio (HR)=3.3, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.8-6.1), followed by PPH3, cyclin A, Ki67, and cyclin B1. A combination variable, with patients with MAI and/or cyclin A high defined as high-risk, had even stronger prognostic value (HR=4.2, 95% CI: 2.2-7). When stratifying for ER-status, MAI was a significant prognostic factor in ER-positive patients only (HR=7.0, 95% CI: 3.1-16). Stratified for histological grade, MAI added prognostic value in grade 2 (HR=7.2, 95% CI: 3.1-38) and grade 1 patients. In multivariable analysis including HER2, age, adjuvant medical treatment, ER, and one proliferation factor at a time, only MAI (HR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.1-6.7), and cyclin A (HR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.0) remained independently prognostic. In conclusion this study confirms the strong prognostic value of all proliferation factors, especially MAI and cyclin A, in all patients, and more specifically in ER-positive patients, and patients with histological grade 2 and 1. Additionally, by combining two proliferation factors, an even stronger prognostic value may be found.
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| 2. |
- Lozano, Julian, et al.
(author)
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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Game Harvests in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 85, s. 385-408
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The benefits and costs of wildlife are contingent on the spatial overlap of animal populations with economic and recreational human activities. By using a production function approach with dynamic spatial panel data models, we analyze the effects of human hunting and carnivore predation pressure on the value of ungulate game harvests. The results show evidence of dynamic spatial dependence in the harvests of roe deer and wild boar, but not in those of moose, which is likely explained by the presence of harvesting quotas for the latter. Results suggest the impact of lynx on roe deer harvesting values is reduced by 75% when spatial effects are taken into account. The spatial analysis confirms that policymakers’ aim to reduce wild boar populations through increased hunting has been successful, an effect that was only visible when considering spatial effects.
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| 3. |
- de Vries, M. S., et al.
(author)
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The Potential Capacity of Hamlets: Comparative Research on Small European Municipalities
- 2019
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In: Central European Public Administration Review. - : University of Ljubljana. - 2591-2240 .- 2591-2259. ; 17:1, s. 199-220
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main theories on small municipalities and the practices as seen in many a country involving the consolidation thereof presume that the contextual and structural conditions under which small municipalities have to perform work to their detriment and pose a threat to their viability. However, the institutional and human resource conditions in which small municipalities operate might work both ways, being profitable as well as disadvantageous. This paper investigates what is theoretically known and can be empirically deduced about the capacity of small municipalities in Europe. The conclusion is that existing research is inconclusive in its outcomes regarding the actual capacity of so-called hamlets and that existing data related to local capacity are unfit to measure such among these small municipalities. Nonetheless, the paper concludes that although no conclusions can be drawn on the actual capacity of small municipalities, their potential capacity is significant. This is concluded based on their legal protection, their inclination to focus on a limited number of policy areas, their access to central and regional decision-making, and especially the trust they receive from their residents.
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| 4. |
- Feit, Benjamin
(author)
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Negative frequency dependent prey selection by two canid predators and its implications for the conservation of a threatened rodent in arid Australia
- 2023
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In: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 32, s. 1671-1686
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unprecedented anthropogenic changes to biodiversity and biogeography demand a greater understanding of the consequences of altered faunal composition for ecosystem functioning. Selective predation has important, yet poorly understood effects on ecosystem stability, and can be strongly influenced by the relative frequencies of different prey types in the environment. Yet, how predators adjust their selection for prey according to their environmental frequency is often overlooked. Here, we assessed frequency dependent selection of prey by dingoes and foxes in the Australian desert, biannually, across a nine-year period (2007-2016). Both predators exhibited potentially destabilizing, negative frequency dependent selection for prey. Foxes persisted to preferentially consume a threatened, native rodent (Notomys fuscus) when it was environmentally scarce. Bolstered by the observation that N.fuscus occurs at low densities in areas where foxes are common, our results suggest that N.fuscus is particularly vulnerable to predation by this predator; possibly because it is naive and/or lacks adaptations to avoid or escape predation by the relatively recently introduced fox. Dingoes tended to consume reptiles when they were scarce; potentially constituting a conservation concern if selected reptilian taxa are threatened. Foxes avoided, thus were unlikely to control populations of overabundant kangaroos, while both foxes and dingoes showed a preference for, and may therefore control populations of invasive rabbits. The integration of our results into the relative suites of (de)stabilizing influences exerted by dingoes and foxes is important to provide a more dynamic insight into how each predator impacts their naturally fluctuating ecosystems.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Klintman, Marie, et al.
(author)
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The prognostic value of Ki67 is dependent on estrogen receptor status and histological grade in premenopausal patients with node-negative breast cancer.
- 2010
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In: Modern Pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. - : Elsevier BV. - 1530-0285. ; 23, s. 251-259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Ki67 in relation to established prognostic factors in lymph node-negative breast cancer, and furthermore, whether the prognostic impact was dependent on estrogen receptor (ER) status and histological grade. In 200 premenopausal patients, with 5 years of follow-up, Ki67 was determined on tissue microarrays. In univariate analysis, Ki67 (20%) was a prognostic factor for distant disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-5.4, P=0.005) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 4.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-14, P=0.003). When stratifying for ER status and histological grade, Ki67 was a significant prognostic factor for distant disease-free survival and overall survival only in the ER-positive group, and only in patients with histological grade 2, respectively. In multivariate analysis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and age were independent prognostic factors for distant disease-free survival, whereas Ki67, histological grade, and tumor size were not. Ki67 was, however, an independent prognostic factor in the 87% of the patients who had not received adjuvant medical treatment. Agreement between the three readers was very good (kappa-values: 0.83-0.88). Furthermore, Ki67 was a significant prognostic factor for all three investigators (hazard ratio: 2.7-3.2). This study shows that Ki67 is a prognostic factor in node-negative breast cancer. It is noteworthy that the prognostic information of Ki67 is restricted to ER-positive patients, and to patients with histological grade 2. Taken together, Ki67, as an easily assessed and reproducible proliferation factor, may be an alternative or complement to histological grade as a prognostic tool and for selection of adjuvant treatment.Modern Pathology advance online publication, 20 November 2009; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.167.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Skeppstedt, Viktoria, 1971
(author)
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Thermal Isomerization of Azobenzene Side Chain Copolymers
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Irradiation of azobenzene induces isomerization between its trans- and cis forms. By introduction of azobenzene chromophores in polymers, it is possible to optically control a variety of polymer properties. The isomerization of azobenzene can be used to influence conformational, optical or surface properties of the poly mer material. The performance is dependent on the individual properties of the chromophore and the polymer, and on how the chromophore is attached to or otherwise dispersed in the polymer. The project has focused on how the polymer chain segments around the chromophore interacts or interferes with its isomerization reaction. It is well known that the isomerization of azobenzene chromophores in solid polymers is highly influenced by the free volume and mobility characteristics of the polymer environment. In order to study this, a number of poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers with azobenzene chromophores in the side chain were synthe sized. The yield of the trans-cis photoisomerization and the reaction kinetics of the cis-trans thermal back- reaction of the copolymers were investigated. The copolymers differed with respect to the length of the side chain, the concentration of azobenzene side chains and the type of substituents on the azobenzene chromophores. In addition, the influence of physical ageing and external plasticization of the copolymers were investigated. The rate of the cis-trans thermal isomerization of the azo copolymers in solution was found to depend on the substituents on the azobenzene molecule. The isomerization kinetics in solid state was shown to be influenced by the glass transition temperature of the polymer, by the length of the azobenzene side chain and by the thermal history of the polymer. The isomerization proceeded with a distribution of rate constants that was shown to depend on the mechanical relaxation times of the surrounding polymer chain segments. Plasticization of the polymers resulted in narrower distribution of rate constants. The distribution of rate constants seemed to have a low-rate tail that was more pronounced for azobenzenes that were attached more closely to the polymer backbone. Physical ageing of the copolymers had only a small influence on the thermal isomerization that depended on the length of the azobenzene side chain.
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| 10. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (peer-reviewed)
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