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- Pfaller, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice : Global-trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 10:SUPPL. 1, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined the species distribution and in-vitro susceptibility of 6082 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates of Candida spp. collected from 250 medical centres in 32 nations over a 10-year period from 1992 through 2001. The species included 3401 C. albicans, 984 C. glabrata, 796 C. parapsilosis, 585 C. tropicalis, 153 C. krusei, 67 C. lusitaniae, 48 C. guilliermondii, 10 C. famata, 10 C. kefyr, six C. pelliculosa, five C. rugosa, four C. lipolytica, three C. dubliniensis, three C. inconspicua, two C. sake and one isolate each of C. lambica, C. norvegensis and C. zeylanoides. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations were made using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference broth microdilution method. Variation in the rank order and frequency of the different species of Candida was observed over time and by geographic area. The proportion of BSI due to C. albicans and C. glabrata increased and C. parapsilosis decreased over time in Canada, the USA and Europe. C. glabrata was an infrequent cause of BSI in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region. Very little variation in fluconazole susceptibility was observed among isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. These species accounted for 78% of all BSI and remained highly susceptible (91-100% susceptible) to fluconazole from 1992 to 2001 irrespective of geographic origin. The prevalence of fluconazole resistance among C. glabrata isolates was variable both over time and among the various countries and regions. Resistance to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates was greatest in the USA and varied by US census region (range 0-23%). These observations are generally encouraging relative to the sustained usefulness of fluconazole as a systemically active antifungal agent for the treatment of candida BSI. © 2004 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- Priori, Silvia G., et al.
(författare)
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Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death, European Society of Cardiology
- 2002
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 4:1, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society of Cardiology has convened a Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death in order to provide a comprehensive, educational document on this important topic. The main document has been published in the European Heart Journal in August 2001[1]. The Task Force has now summarized the most important clinical issues on sudden cardiac death and provided tables with recommendations for risk stratification and for prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death. The present recommendations are specifically intended to encourage the development and revision of national guidelines on prevention of sudden cardiac death. The common challenge for cardiologists, physicians of other medical specialties and health professionals throughout Europe is to realize the potential for sudden cardiac death prevention and to contribute to public health efforts to reduce its burden.
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| 8. |
- Karl, H., et al.
(författare)
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WEFTA interlaboratory comparison on salt determination in fishery products
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. - 1049-8850 .- 1547-0636. ; 11:42067, s. 215-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission has laid down a Codex standard for salted and dried salted fish which requires an official determination method of the salt content. A draft of an analytical method has been elaborated by a Codex working group and the WEFTA working group on analytical methods and was asked to validate this method. Seventeen laboratories out of 10 countries participated in a WEFFA collaborative trial on salt determination in fish and fishery products. Four samples containing different salt contents were distributed, including two spiked samples and two typical commercial products. All laboratories applied a common method involving the precipitation of fish proteins by Carrez I and II followed by titrimetric determination of the salt content according to Mohr. They also carried out salt determination by their own "home" methods. The following results were obtained: The recovery rate of the common method was nearly quantitative and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility was between 1.96 and 2.64%, depending on the sample. Larger variations were obtained between different laboratories when applying their home methods. In one sample a significant difference of the measured salt content was found between the average results of the common and the home methods. Application of ashing of the sample before salt determination always yielded in lower salt contents compared to other determination procedures. The common method is judged to be suitable as a standard method for salt determination in fish and fishery products. © 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
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