| 1. |
- Jonsson, F., et al.
(author)
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Paths of adversity linking adolescent socioeconomic conditions to adult functional somatic symptoms
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:Suppl 1, s. 227-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: While research examining the health impact of early socioeconomic conditions suggests that effects may exist independently of or jointly with adult socioeconomic position, studies exploring other pathways are few. Following a chain of risk life course model, this study examine if the socioeconomic conditions of the family contributes to an adverse social and material environment across life ultimately affecting functional somatic symptoms in adulthood.Methods: Mediation was examined using path analysis on prospective data from a sample of 987 individuals residing in Luleå, Sweden in 1981 and who answered surveys at age 16, 21, 30 and 42. Early socioeconomic conditions was assessed at age 16 by using the parents occupation. The participant’s own occupation was measured at age 21 and 30. At age 21 and 30, social adversity comprised of items pertaining to stressful life events, while material adversity included items of unfavorable economic conditions. Functional somatic symptoms was examined at age 42 as a summary of self-reported physical symptoms, palpitation and sleeping difficulties occurring during the last 12 months.Results: The results suggested that the association between socioeconomic conditions at age 16 and functional somatic symptoms at age 42 (r = .068) could be explained by two plausible pathways. Through own class at age 21 and then through material (B = .064, 95% CI = .004 – .123) and social adversity (B = .067, 95% CI = .019 – .114) at age 30.Conclusions: Growing up in an unfavorable socioeconomic setting might be a source for later adversities, and these might largely explain the effects of early disadvantage on later health. Thus, improved social and financial living conditions for people from poor backgrounds could avert adult stress-related health problems.Key messages:Chains of life events may be central to understand socioeconomic health effectsBreaking life course chains might avert adult health effects of early disadvantage
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| 2. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal associations between social relationships at age 30 and internalising symptoms at age 42 : Findings from the Northern Swedish Cohort
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 61:1, s. 75-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Little is known on long-term consequences of poor social relationships in adulthood. The study aimed to examine associations between social relationships at age 30 and internalising symptoms at age 42.METHODS: Data was drawn from four waves of the Northern Swedish cohort (n = 1001, 94 % response rate). The outcome internalising symptoms was measured by a composite index of depressiveness and anxiety. A cumulative measure was constructed to reflect various aspects of social relationships. Multivariate ordinal logistic regressions were used, controlling for socioeconomic indicators and previous level of internalising symptoms.RESULTS: An accumulation of poor social relationships indicators at age 30 is related to internalising symptoms at age 42 in women (OR 1.30; CI 1.11-1.52) and men (OR 1.17; CI 1.02-1.36). The associations remained significant after adjustment for covariates.CONCLUSIONS: Poor quality of social relationships at age 30 can predict internalising symptoms 12 years later in both men and women even when previous mental health as well as financial disadvantage is accounted for. More research is required to further examine pathways and mechanisms as well as suitable interventions.
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| 3. |
- Rajaleid, Kristiina, et al.
(author)
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Social adversities in adolescence predict unfavourable trajectories of internalized mental health symptoms until middle age : results from the Northern Swedish Cohort
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:1, s. 23-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Experiencing adversities during upbringing has short-term and long-term effects on mental health. This study aims to explore how social adversities in adolescence predict trajectories of internalized mental health symptoms (IMHS), from adolescence and onward until middle age.METHODS: Based on 1040 individuals from the Northern Swedish Cohort Study, a community-based cohort with 27 years of follow-up. We applied latent class growth analysis to extract trajectories of IMHS between ages 16 and 43. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study the association of social adversities (residential mobility, residential crowding, parental loss, unemployment of a parent, physical illness of a parent, mental illness or alcohol problems of a parent) in adolescence with IMHS trajectories.RESULTS: Five trajectory classes were identified: 'very low stable' (26% of the sample), 'low stable' (58%), 'moderate stable' (5%), 'increasing' (8%) and 'high decreasing' (3%). Both in men and women, reporting social adversities at the age of 16 increased the risk of belonging to the classes with less favourable development of IMHS. Reporting adversities was positively associated with the initial level of the IMHS trajectories. Thus it seems that the influence of adversities is more pronounced during the early years of follow-up and is attenuated over time.CONCLUSION: Experiencing social adversities in adolescence increases the risk of entering unfavourable developmental trajectories of mental health until middle age.
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