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- Afanaseva, Anastasiya, et al.
(author)
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Är faktagranskning lösningen på falska nyheter?
- 2018
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In: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; :7, s. 18-24
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Falska nyheter har blivit ett omdiskuterat fenomen i samband med politiska val de senaste åren. En motreaktion har varit faktagranskningar som ska förhindra att felaktiga uppgifter får fäste. Vi redogör för ett experiment om hur attityden till invandringens kostnader påverkades av en felaktig uppgift samtidigt som korrekt information gavs. De som fick ta del av uppgiften om mycket överdrivna kostnader var betydligt mer benägna att anse att för mycket resurser läggs på invandring jämfört med en kontrollgrupp som enbart fick ta del av korrekt infor-mation. Resultatet tyder på att faktagranskningar har begränsad möjlighet att lösa problemet med falska nyheter
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| 4. |
- Gavel, Hampus, et al.
(author)
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A quantified and interactive relationship matrix applied to aircraft fuel system conceptual design
- 2010
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In: International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE). - 1973-7459 .- 1973-7440. ; 3:1, s. 9-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes how the House of Quality matrix has been quantified for use in conceptual design. The House of Quality matrix is used for visualizing the relationships between subsystem design parameters and top-level requirements. The idea is then to insert quantified values of the subsystems’ characteristics as coupling elements, thus visualizing both the requirements-subsystems relationship and system performance. Here, a spreadsheet program (MS Excel) with a built-in modeling/solver tool has been used to model the subsystems. This makes the matrix interactive, thus facilitating trade studies between requirements and system design. By adding probabilistic analysis it is possible to explore the entire range of system behavior early on, rather than just focusing on one or more worst case scenarios as has previously often been the case, and thus promoting the selection of more optimal solutions. The quantitative approach also opens up for mathematically formal optimization which has been exploited by deriving Pareto fronts for visualization of conflicting objectives, one such objective being. The design application used as illustrative example is conceptual design of an aircraft fuel system.
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| 7. |
- Kujala, Janne V., et al.
(author)
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Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for an Extended Noncontextuality in a Broad Class of Quantum Mechanical Systems
- 2015
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 115:15, s. 150401-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The notion of (non) contextuality pertains to sets of properties measured one subset (context) at a time. We extend this notion to include so-called inconsistently connected systems, in which the measurements of a given property in different contexts may have different distributions, due to contextual biases in experimental design or physical interactions (signaling): a system of measurements has a maximally noncontextual description if they can be imposed a joint distribution on in which the measurements of any one property in different contexts are equal to each other with the maximal probability allowed by their different distributions. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such a description in a broad class of systems including Klyachko-Can-Binicioglu-Shumvosky-type (KCBS), EPR-Bell-type, and Leggett-Garg-type systems. Because these conditions allow for inconsistent connectedness, they are applicable to real experiments. We illustrate this by analyzing an experiment by Lapkiewicz and colleagues aimed at testing contextuality in a KCBS-type system.
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| 8. |
- Kujawa, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Properties of pyranose dehydrogenase purified from the litter-degrading fungus Agaricus xanthoderma
- 2007
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In: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 274:3, s. 879-894
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We purified an extracellular pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) from the basidiomycete fungus Agaricus xanthoderma using ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The native enzyme is a monomeric glycoprotein (5% carbohydrate) containing a covalently bound FAD as its prosthetic group. The PDH polypeptide consists of 575 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 65 400 Da as determined by MALDI MS. On the basis of the primary structure of the mature protein, PDH is a member of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family. We constructed a homology model of PDH using the 3D structure of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger as a template. This model suggests a novel type of bi-covalent flavinylation in PDH, 9-S-cysteinyl, 8-alpha-N3-histidyl FAD. The enzyme exhibits a broad sugar substrate tolerance, oxidizing structurally different aldopyranoses including monosaccharides and oligosaccharides as well as glycosides. Its preferred electron donor substrates are D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, and D-xylose. As shown by in situ NMR analysis, D-glucose and D-galactose are both oxidized at positions C2 and C3, yielding the corresponding didehydroaldoses (diketoaldoses) as the final reaction products. PDH shows no detectable activity with oxygen, and its reactivity towards electron acceptors is rather limited, reducing various substituted benzoquinones and complexed metal ions. The azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical and the ferricenium ion are the best electron acceptors, as judged by the catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K-m). The enzyme may play a role in lignocellulose degradation.
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- Kujawa, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Structural basis for substrate binding and regioselective oxidation of monosaccharides at C3 by pyranose 2-oxidase
- 2006
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 281:46, s. 35104-35115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pyranose2-oxidase(P2Ox) participates in fungal lignin degradation by producing the H2O2 needed for lignin-degrading peroxidases. The enzyme oxidizes cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived aldopyranoses at C2 preferentially, but also on C3, to the corresponding ketoaldoses. To investigate the structural determinants of catalysis, covalent flavinylation, substrate binding, and regios-electivity, wild-type and mutant P2Ox enzymes were produced and characterized biochemically and structurally. Removal of the histidyl-FAD linkage resulted in a catalytically competent enzyme containing tightly, but noncovalently bound FAD. This mutant (H167A) is characterized by a 5-fold lower k(cat), and a 35-mV lower redox potential, although no significant structural changes were seen in its crystal structure. In previous structures of P2Ox, the substrate loop (residues 452-457) covering the active site has been either disordered or in a conformation incompatible with carbohydrate binding. We present here the crystal structure of H167A in complex with a slow substrate, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Based on the details of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose binding in position for oxidation at C3, we also outline a probable binding mode for D-glucose positioned for regioselective oxidation at C2. The tentative determinant for discriminating between the two binding modes is the position of the O6 hydroxyl group, which in the C2-oxidation mode can make favorable interactions with Asp(452) in the substrate loop and, possibly, a nearby arginine residue (Arg(472)). We also substantiate our hypothesis with steady-state kinetics data for the alanine replacements of Asp(452) and Arg(472) as well as the double alanine 452/472 mutant.
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