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| 2. |
- Holm, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Importance of nutrition for elderly persons with pressure ulcers or a vulnerability for pressure ulcers: a systematic literature review
- 2007
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In: Australian journal of advanced nursing. - 0813-0531. ; 25:1, s. 77-84
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The number of elderly people, usually with multiple illnesses, is increasing in our society. In the public debate, many scientists predict that this could lead to a considerable increase in pressure ulcers. Since elderly care was reorganised in Sweden in 1993, the situation for older people has changed. In many cases, access to geriatric expertise and nurses has been reduced and the mortality rate among patients with pressure ulcers is increasing. A literature review, including a content analysis of 16 peer-reviewed articles published between 1995 and 2005, was conducted. The aim was to describe the importance of nutrition in reducing the risk of pressure ulcers and to focus on nursing interventions. The result shows that the analysis can be summarised around four areas: nutrition, prevention, nursing and economic aspects, which elucidate the importance of ensuring that an elderly person's need for energy is met and that nutritional supplements are effective for this group of patients. Early nursing intervention and the use of questionnaires are also stressed as being important. The economic aspects of pressure ulcers are also discussed.
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| 3. |
- Holm, Richard, et al.
(author)
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Shear influence on fibre orientation : Dilute suspension in the near wall region
- 2007
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In: Rheologica Acta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0035-4511 .- 1435-1528. ; 46:5, s. 721-729
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this experimental work was to study the influence of shear close to a solid boundary on the fibre orientation in suspensions with different fibre aspect ratios and concentrations. We have studied a laminar suspension flow down an inclined plate. The fibre orientation in different wall parallel planes were measured. We applied an index-of-refraction (IR) matching method together with particle tracking techniques to obtain the fibre motion. The fibre orientation was extracted using a two-dimensional wavelet transform. The shear flow resulted in fibres perpendicularly oriented to the streamwise direction (rollers) in the near wall region. These rollers were observed in the experiment to perform a rolling-sliding motion down the inclined plate around a stable perpendicular orientation. As the distance to the wall increased the number of rollers decreased and the fibre orientation was unaffected from its initial streamwise orientation. As the aspect ratio increased the influence of shear on the fibre orientation decreased for all measured wall parallel planes. This was also the case for higher fibre concentrations. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of the capacity to control the sheet network structure in papermaking.
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- Larsson, Christel, et al.
(author)
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Fracture strength of four-unit Y-TZP FPD cores designed with varying connector diameter. An in-vitro study.
- 2007
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In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 34:9, s. 702-709
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reported clinical success rates of all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) made of high-strength oxide ceramics range between 82.5% and 100%. The main cause of all-ceramic FPD failure is fracture in the connector area. There is, however, no consensus on what connector dimensions are adequate. The aim of this in-vitro study was, therefore, to compare the fracture strength of four-unit Y-TZP FPD cores designed with different connector diameters. A total of 40 four-unit FPD cores supported by end abutments and having two pontics were manufactured in Procera Zirconia. Five groups of FPD cores with connector dimensions of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mm were produced. All FPD cores underwent a firing programme according to the manufacturer's recommendations for the veneering porcelain, a cyclic preload, thermocycling and finally, load until fracture. Fracture strength was significantly higher for each increase in connector diameter except for the 2.0-mm and 2.5-mm diameters where all fractures occurred during preload. All FPD cores fractured in the connector area. Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, a minimum diameter of 4.0 mm is recommended for all-ceramic zirconia-based FPDs with long spans or replacing molars. Clinical studies are, however, needed to determine adequate connector dimensions.
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| 5. |
- Mackey, Abigail L., et al.
(author)
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The influence of anti-inflammatory medication on exercise-induced myogenic precursor cell responses in humans
- 2007
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In: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 103:2, s. 425-431
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is widespread among athletes when faced with muscle soreness or injury, but the effects of NSAIDs on satellite cell activity in humans are unknown. To investigate this, 14 healthy male endurance athletes (mean peak oxygen consumption 62 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) volunteered for the study, which involved running 36 km. They were divided into two groups and received either 100 mg indomethacin per day or placebo. Muscle biopsies collected before the run and on days 1, 3, and 8 afterward were analyzed for satellite cells by immunohistochemistry with the aid of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and fetal antigen-1 (FA1) antibodies. Muscle biopsies were also collected from untrained individuals for comparison. Compared with preexercise levels, a 27% increase in the number of NCAM+ cells was observed on day 8 postexercise in the placebo group (P < 0.05), while levels remained similar at all time points in the NSAID group. No change was seen in the proportion of FA1+ cells, although lower levels were found in the muscle of endurance-trained athletes compared with untrained individuals (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ingestion of anti-inflammatory drugs attenuates the exercise-induced increase in satellite cell number, supporting the role of the cyclooxygenase pathway in satellite cell activity.
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| 7. |
- Wallin, Anders, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease : What to expect after 3 years of treatment in a routine clinical setting
- 2007
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 23:3, s. 150-160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Aims: Clinical short-term trails have shown positive effects of donepezil treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The outcome of continuous long-term treatment in the routine clinical settings remains to be investigated. Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study (SATS) is a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study. Four hundred and thirty-five outpatients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, received treatment with donepezil. Patients were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), global rating (CIBIC) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) at baseline and every 6 months for a total period of 3 years. Results: The mean MMSE change from baseline was positive for more than 6 months and in subgroups of patients for 12 months. After 3 years of treatment the mean change from baseline in MMSE-score was 3.8 points (95% CI, 3.0-4.7) and the ADAS-cog rise was 8.2 points (95% CI, 6.4-10.1). This is better than expected in untreated historical cohorts, and better than the ADAS-cog rise calculated by the Stern equation (15.6 points, 95% CI, 14.5-16.6). After 3 years with 38% of the patients remaining, 30% of the them were unchanged or improved in the global assessment. Conclusion: Three-year donepezil treatment showed a positive global and cognitive outcome in the routine clinical setting. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG.
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