| 1. |
- Söderstjerna, Erika, et al.
(author)
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Gold- and Silver Nanoparticles Affect the Growth Characteristics of Human Embryonic Neural Precursor Cells
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rapid development of nanotechnologies and their applications in clinical research have raised concerns about the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on human health and environment. NPs can be directly taken up by organs exposed, but also translocated to secondary organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic- or subcutaneous administration, or via the olfactory system. The CNS is particularly vulnerable during development and recent reports describe transport of NPs across the placenta and even into brain tissue using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Here, we investigated whether well-characterized commercial 20 and 80 nm Au- and AgNPs have an effect on human embryonic neural precursor cell (HNPC) growth. After two weeks of NP exposure, uptake of NPs, morphological features and the amount of viable and dead cells, proliferative cells (Ki67 immunostaining) and apoptotic cells (TUNEL assay), respectively, were studied. We demonstrate uptake of both 20 and 80 nm Au- and AgNPs respectively, by HNPCs during proliferation. A significant effect on the sphere size- and morphology was found for all cultures exposed to Au- and AgNPs. AgNPs of both sizes caused a significant increase in numbers of proliferating and apoptotic HNPCs. In contrast, only the highest dose of 20 nm AuNPs significantly affected proliferation, whereas no effect was seen on apoptotic cell death. Our data demonstrates that both Au- and AgNPs interfere with the growth profile of HNPCs, indicating the need of further detailed studies on the adverse effects of NPs on the developing CNS.
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| 2. |
- Berntsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Ambulanssjukvården måste bli jämlik
- 2013
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In: Helsingborgs Dagblad. - Helsingborg : Helsingborgs Dagblad. - 1103-9388. ; 2013-06-17
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Skiftande vårdkvalité hotar patientsäkerheten inom ambulanssjukvården. Nu måste regeringen och Socialstyrelsen skapa nationella riktlinjer, skriver Nätverket för utbildning av ambulanssjuksköterskor .
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ahlin, Catharina, et al.
(author)
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Development of instruments for assessment of knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters
- 2013
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In: Journal of Vascular Access. - : SAGE Publications. - 1129-7298 .- 1724-6032. ; 14:4, s. 364-372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Performing venepuncture is one of the most routinely performed invasive procedures in nursing care. The aim of this study was to develop instruments for the assessment of nursing students’ knowledge and skills when performing venepuncture and inserting a peripheral venous catheter.
Methods: Two instruments were developed using the following steps. 1) Assessment items of importance for the procedures (venepuncture 48 items and peripheral venous catheter 51 items) were collected from focus groups including nurses, lecturers and patients. 2) The number of items was reduced using a method based on the Delphi method. Experts (n=51) reviewed the instruments in two rounds. The revised versions included 31 items for venepuncture and 33 items for peripheral venous catheter insertion. 3) Usability tests were conducted by nurses who tested the instruments to confirm that items were possible to assess. 4) Inter-rater reliability was assessed by twelve lecturers who in pairs, but independently of each other, used the instruments to assess 50 nursing students.
Results: Proportion of agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient were calculated for each item to determine inter-rater reliability. Among the tested items for both instruments, the median proportion of agreement was 1 (range 0.66-1) and the median kappa was 0.52 (range 0.22-1).
Conclusions: The instruments developed for assessing nursing students’ knowledge and skills of venepuncture and peripheral venous catheter insertion showed satisfactory inter-rater reliability.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bucht, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Kuratorer prioriterar : Tillämpning av den nationella modellen för öppna prioriteringar
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Sverige finns sedan 1997 en etisk plattform som beskriver vad som ska vara grunden för prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvård. För att underlätta tillämpningen av plattformens principer och intentioner används idag alltmer en systematisk metod vid namn nationella modellen för öppna prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvård. Många olika typer av verksamheter har prövat modellen. Fram tills nu har det dock inte funnits någon kuratorsverksamhet som bedrivit ett prioriteringsarbete med modellen som grund. Den var med andra ord oprövad inom verksamheter som arbetar med sociala och psykosociala behov inom hälso- och sjukvård.Denna rapport syftar till att inspirera och vägleda i första hand kuratorer i sjukvården genom att beskriva två konkreta exempel på hur kuratorer tolkat och tillämpat den nationella modellen i sina verksamheter. Exemplen är hämtade från Kalmar läns landsting och Norrbottens läns landsting, som ovetandes om varandra har genomfört varsitt prioriteringsarbete. I båda verksamheterna har syftet med arbetet varit att tydliggöra kuratorernas roller och försäkra sig om att deras kompetens används på ett optimalt sätt. Arbetena har varit länsövergripande och omfattat samtliga kuratorer inom specialistsjukvård (ett 20-tal i respektive landsting) under 1,5 års tid.Hur olika tillstånd och åtgärder som så småningom blev föremål för en prioritering (rangordning) skulle beskrivas och kategoriseras var inte uppenbart från början. Det som kom att ha betydelse vid kuratorernas rangordning var inte vilken sjukdom eller skada olika patientgrupper hade utan de psykosociala konsekvenserna av dessa. I Kalmar läns landsting användes etablerade klassifikationer som Världshälsoorganisationens internationella klassifikation av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa (ICF) samt Socialstyrelsens Klassifikation av vårdåtgärder (KVÅ). I Norrbottens läns landsting skapades istället egna typindelningar för att beskriva tillstånd och åtgärder.För att bedöma svårighetsgraden av olika tillstånd har kuratorerna i båda landstingen använt sig av en matris som tagits fram inom rehabilitering i Kalmar läns landsting, men prövats inom många andra typer av verksamheter. Matrisen beskriver olika aspekter på svårighetsgrad såsom funktionsnedsättning, aktivitetsbegränsning, delaktighetsinskränkning, varaktighet och framtida risker. Kuratorerna i Kalmar läns landsting listade dessutom komplicerande faktorer (t ex tidigare trauman) som ytterligare kan öka svårighetsgraden vid olika tillstånd.Patientnyttan med kuratorers åtgärder har bedömts utifrån samma parametrar som svårighetsgrad– i vilken grad ger t ex insatsen en förbättrad delaktighet?I Kalmar läns landsting utkristalliserade sig så småningom definitioner av skalstegen mycket stor, stor, måttlig och liten patientnytta.När det gäller kostnadseffektivitet konstaterade kuratorerna i båda landstingen att det saknas en tradition där den enskilde kuratorn tar hänsyn till kostnadseffektivitet för olika insatser i det dagliga arbetet. Under prioriteringsarbetet fördes diskussioner om alternativkostnader vid uteblivna kuratorsåtgärder samt hur längden och formen för kuratorns insatser påverkar kostnadseffektiviteten. Det saknades även erfarenhet av att söka vetenskaplig evidens för åtgärder. Kuratorerna rustade sig genom olika utbildningsinsatser men har i huvudsak grundat sina bedömningar på erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap och de lagar som delvis reglerar deras verksamhet.Flertalet av de tillstånd och åtgärder som kuratorerna arbetar med har överlag tilldelats hög prioritet i de båda prioriteringsarbetena. En möjlig orsak till det var att kuratorerna upplevde att ransonering av lågt prioriterade åtgärder redan utförts. En annan orsak kan vara att ovanan att öppet diskutera prioriteringar har lett till en försiktighet att differentiera svårighetsgrad och patientnytta. Arbetena har dock i viss grad utkristalliserat vad som bör ha högre respektive lägre prioritet samt även vad som inte längre ska ingå i kuratorns uppdrag.Sammanfattningsvis uppfattar kuratorerna att det har varit värdefullt att prioriteringsarbetet bidragit till att den erfarenhetsbaserade kunskapen ("tyst kunskap") har verbaliserats och diskuterats. Kuratorerna har satt ord på de tillstånd och åtgärder de arbetar med dagligen vilket förväntas leda till en ökad möjlighet att kommunicera kuratorns uppgift, såväl inom hälso- och sjukvården som till patienter och närstående. Kunskapsbasen för olika ställningstaganden har ökat likväl som samsynen i prioriteringar. Framtida utmaningar för de kuratorer som medverkat i dessa två arbeten är att verkställa och följa upp sina prioriteringar och att tålmodigt fortsätta att utveckla prioriteringsarbetet på lång sikt.
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| 7. |
- Bzhalava, Davit, et al.
(author)
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Unbiased Approach for Virus Detection in Skin Lesions
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To assess presence of virus DNA in skin lesions, swab samples from 82 squamous cell carcinomas of the skin (SCCs), 60 actinic keratoses (AKs), paraffin-embedded biopsies from 28 SCCs and 72 kerathoacanthomas (KAs) and fresh-frozen biopsies from 92 KAs, 85 SCCs and 92 AKs were analyzed by high throughput sequencing (HTS) using 454 or Ion Torrent technology. We found total of 4,284 viral reads, out of which 4,168 were Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related, belonging to 15 known (HPV8, HPV12, HPV20, HPV36, HPV38, HPV45, HPV57, HPV59, HPV104, HPV105, HPV107, HPV109, HPV124, HPV138, HPV147), four previously described putative (HPV 915 F 06 007 FD1, FA73, FA101, SE42) and two putatively new HPV types (SE46, SE47). SE42 was cloned, sequenced, designated as HPV155 and found to have 76% similarity to the most closely related known HPV type. In conclusion, an unbiased approach for viral DNA detection in skin tumors has found that, although some new putative HPVs were found, known HPV types constituted most of the viral DNA.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Holmgren, Theresa, 1974-
(author)
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Exercise treatment of patients with long-standing subacromial pain
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Subacromial pain is the most common problem among patients with shoulder complaints seeking primary care. The recommended treatment for these patients is primarily non-surgical with a focus on exercise treatment. If this treatment fails arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) followed by exercise treatment is recommended. Surgical treatment with ASD has increased substantially in Sweden in recent years even though studies comparing exercise treatment with surgery report equally positive results. Still, there is a need of evidence based preand postoperative exercise treatments, standardised and described in detail, to guide treatment of these patients in clinical practice.The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and postoperative exercise strategies on shoulder function and how the preoperative strategy affects the need for surgery in patients with long-standing subacromial pain.This thesis comprises four papers which are based on two randomised controlled trials. In study A, patients were randomised after ASD surgery to either physical therapist (PT) supervised strength-endurance exercises for the rotator cuff and scapula stabilisers or to home-based movement exercises for a period of three months. Shoulder function and pain, health related quality of life and return to work was evaluated for 6 months (paper I). In study B, patients on the waiting list for surgery were randomised to either specific exercise strategy with strengthendurance exercises for the rotator cuff and the scapula stabilisers or to control exercises with movement exercises for the neck and shoulders for a period of three months. After completing the exercise program and also after 12 months, shoulder function and pain, need for surgery and health related quality of life was evaluated. Baseline shoulder function, rotator cuff status and radiological findings were analysed in relation to the choice of surgery (paper II, III). The minimal important clinical change (MIC) of the Constant-Murley (CM) score, used as primary outcome in this thesis, was determined by using a visual anchor-based MIC distribution method (paper IV).Six months after ASD surgery, patients who performed PT-supervised strength-endurance exercises improved significantly more in shoulder function and pain compared to patients who had performed home-based movement exercises (paper I). Patients on the waiting list for surgery who performed specific strength-endurance exercises had significantly greater improvements in shoulder function and pain compared to patients performing movement exercises (paper II). A significantly lower proportion of those performing specific strength-endurance exercises chose surgery at the three- and 12 months follow-ups (paper II, paper III). Low baseline values in shoulder function and pain measured with the CM score and/or having a full thickness rotator cuff rupture were associated with an increased risk of choosing surgery (paper III). Regarding the CM score, a change between 17-24 points seems to be clinically important for patients with long-standing subacromial pain (paper IV).Supervised strength-endurance exercises seem to be more effective than home-based movement exercises after ASD surgery. For patients on the waiting list for surgery, the specific strategy of strength-endurance exercises was effective in improving shoulder function and pain and the need for surgery was reduced at 12 months. Low baseline values for shoulder function and pain measured with the CM score and/or having a full thickness rotator cuff tear seem to be predictors for choosing surgery. The CM score is able to detect the MIC in individual patients with long-standing subacromial pain when the rotator cuff is intact. In all patients with longstanding subacromial pain, the MIC value was dependent on the subgroup as well as the choice of statistical analysis.
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| 10. |
- Holmgren, Theresa, et al.
(author)
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Republished research: Effect of specific exercise strategy on need for surgery in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome : randomised controlled study
- 2013
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 47:14, s. 908-908
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Study questionCan a specific exercise strategy improve shoulder function and pain in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, thereby decreasing the need for arthroscopic subacromial decompression?Summary answerCompared with a control exercise group, patients in the specific exercise group had significantly greater improvements in shoulder function and pain and fewer patients needed surgery at the three month assessment.What is known and what this paper addsDifferent exercise programmes are used as first line treatment in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, but conclusive evidence to support the efficacy for these programmes is lacking. This specific exercise strategy proved effective in improving shoulder function and pain in patients in whom earlier conservative treatment had failed.
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