| 1. |
- Uppenberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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MILJÖFAKTABOK FÖR BRÄNSLEN Del 1. Huvudrapport - Resursförbrukning och emissioner från hela livscykeln
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljöfaktabok för bränslen är en sammanställning av data för miljöpåverkan vid användning av olika energislag; bränslen och direktproducerad el. Hela livscykeln är beaktad, d.v.s. från råvaruutvinning till förbränning. De data som presenteras avser svenska förhållanden i dagsläget.De studerade bränslena är bensin, diesel, eldningsolja, gasol, kol, naturgas, torv, avfall, etanol, RME, DME, biogas samt trädbränslen (skogsrester, Salix, pelletter/briketter, returflis, tallbeckolja). Data för miljöpåverkan presenteras dels per MJ bränsle och dels per MJ nyttiggjord energi för olika energikällor (energiomvandlingssystem). De energikällor som studeras är värmeverk, kraftvärmeverk, kraftverk (bränsleeldade), villapannor, el från vattenkraft, vindkraft och kärnkraft, samt lätta och tunga fordon. De data som presenteras i rapporten är uteslutande baserade på resultat från andra rapporter. Inga nya mätningar har utförts. För varje energislag har ett antal livscykelanalyser granskats och utvärderats utifrån metodiken om livscykelanalysers genomförande och innehåll. Utifrån denna granskning har de mest relevanta livscykelanalyserna valts ut och fått ligga till grund för den datasammanställning som presenteras här.
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Invariants: A New Design Methodology for Network Architectures
- 2004. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first age of Internet architectural thinking concentrated on defining the correct principles for designing a packet-switched network and its application protocol suites. Although these same principles remain valid today, they do not address the question of how to reason about the evolution of the Internet or its interworking with other networks of very different heritages. This paper proposes a complementary methodology, motivated by the view that evolution and interworking flexibility are determined not so much by the principles applied during initial design, but by the choice of fundamental components or "design invariants" in terms of which the design is expressed. The paper discusses the characteristics of such invariants, including examples from the Internet and other networks, and considers what attributes of invariants best support architectural flexibility.
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| 5. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Hand-arm vibration syndrome in Swedish car mechanics.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711. ; 60:4, s. 287-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the occurrence of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) in Swedish car mechanics, and the relation between HAVS and duration of exposure.A total of 806 mechanics answered a questionnaire on vascular and neurological symptoms, and exposure to vibrations. Mechanics with symptoms, and some mechanics without symptoms, were invited to a clinical examination, including also a timed Allen test. Vascular and neurological symptoms were classified using the Stockholm Workshop scales. The mean daily exposure (mainly using nut-runners) was 14 minutes and the mean exposure duration, 12 years. Published data have shown vibration levels in nut-runners of about 3.5 m/s(2).In the questionnaire, 24% reported cold induced white finger (WF), 25% persistent numbness, and 13%, reduced grip force. The clinical examination showed a prevalence of vibration induced white finger (VWF) of about 15%, mainly in stage 2, and after 20 years, of 25%. A survival analysis showed similar results. We found that the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) model underestimates the risk of VWF. The incidence after 1975 was 19 cases per 1000 person-years. Slow refill times in the timed Allen test were common (15% had a refill time of >20 seconds), and associated with the presence of VWF. The clinical examination revealed neurological symptoms in the hands in about 25% of subjects, mainly at stage 2. After 20 years, the prevalence was 40%. The questionnaire items on WF and numbness both showed likelihood ratios of 13.HAVS is common among Swedish car mechanics in spite of short daily exposure times. This underlines the need for preventive measures.
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| 8. |
- Boe, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Does the Use of Decision Heuristics Influence Impulse Buying?
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study a survey was performed in order to investigate if the use of heuristics in decision-making has an influence on the impulse buying tendency. Another aim of the study was to see if there were any age differences with regard to the use of heuristics and the impulse buying tendency. The study was conducted with students from Göteborg University and Karlstad University in Sweden (n = 69), with different educational backgrounds. Participants filled out a booklet of questions divided in two parts. One part measured impulse buying tendencies, and the second part measured the use of heuristics in decision-making. One hypothesis was that impulse buyers would use heuristics to a higher degree than planned buyers. It was also hypothesized that young participants would be more impulsive buyers because they use heuristics more than older participants. The results gave no support to the hypothesis that impulse buyers would use heuristics to a higher degree than planned buyers. Support for the second hypothesis was received as 20-24 year old high achievers on the heuristics test were found to be significantly more impulsive buyers than low achievers in the same age group.
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