| 1. |
- Eriksson, Mathilda, et al.
(author)
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Utilization of a right-handed coiled-coil protein from archaebacterium Staphylothermus marinus as a carrier for cisplatin
- 2009
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In: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 29:1, s. 11-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The nano-sized right-handed coiled-coil (RHCC) protein, originating from the archaebacterium Staphylothermus marinus, is stable at high salt concentrations, high temperatures, high pressures and extremes of pH. Its crystal structure reveals four hydrophobic cavities which can incorporate heavy metals. Nano-sized compounds have been used to carry cytotoxic drugs to tumours, avoiding delivery to healthy tissue, in part due to enhanced permeability in tumour blood vessels (enhanced permeability and retention effect). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ability of RHCC to carry the platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin to cells, while retaining the cytotoxic potential was tested both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: RHCC was able to bind and enter cells in vitro and was not severely toxic or immunogenic in mice. Moreover, RHCC incorporated cisplatin, without inhibiting the cytotoxic potential of the drug against tumour cell lines in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSION: RHCC can be used as a carrier of cisplatin without abrogating the effect of the drug.
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| 2. |
- Forseth, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Thermal growth performance of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta : no support for thermal adaptation hypotheses
- 2009
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In: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 74:1, s. 133-149
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using thermal growth data from eight populations of anadromous and lake-feeding brown trout Salmo trutta, hypotheses of adaptation to local optima and countergradient variation in growth were tested. The adaptation to local optima hypothesis suggests that natural selection can shift optimal performance temperatures to match the prevailing temperature in a new or changed thermal niche. In contradiction, the countergradient variation hypothesis suggests that populations from hostile environments perform better than conspecifics from benign environments at all temperatures. In this study, growth capacity varied between populations but there was no significant correlation between any of the estimated thermal performance parameters (e.g. lower and upper thermal growth limits, optimal temperature for growth and maximum growth capacity) and natural climatic conditions among populations. Hence, S. trutta growth response to temperature lends no support for either of the two suggested thermal adaptation hypotheses. Instead, growth capacity among populations tended to correlate positively with female size at maturity.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) load, lipid reserves and biotransformation activity in migrating Atlantic salmon from River Mörrum, Sweden.
- 2009
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In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 157:12, s. 3396-3403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atlantic salmon accumulate high levels of contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their lipids during the adult growth phase spent at sea. The lipids are later utilized during migration for swimming and biological adaptations. We hypothesize that migrating salmons' biotransformation processes are affected by the high levels of built-up PCBs compared to salmon that in a pre-migrational stage. For these analyses we sampled adult Atlantic salmon during migration in the Swedish River Mörrum and measured the 21 most common PCB congeners ( summation operatorPCB) and lipid levels in muscle tissue, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR2) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) transcript levels as well as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) in liver. We also determined which AHR2 genotypes the salmon carried. We show that EROD activity is correlated to CYP1A1 level but not to summation operatorPCB concentration. summation operatorPCB concentration does not predict levels of neither the AHR2 nor CYP1A1 genes. We find no associations between specific AHR2 transcription levels and AHR2 genotypes or a correlation between AHR2 and CYP1A1 transcription levels, which is in direct contrast to pre-migrational adult salmon from the Baltic Sea. When we compare River Mörrum to salmon we have previously sampled in the Baltic Sea we show that migrating salmon have significantly lower lipid levels in their muscles; higher muscle concentrations of summation operatorPCB on a lipid basis; and significantly lower CYP1A1 and EROD levels compared to salmon from the Baltic Sea. Also, transcript levels of three out of four AHR2 genes are significantly different. In conclusion, migrating Swedish Atlantic salmon carry higher concentrations of PCBs in their lipids compared to salmon in the Baltic Sea, but have lower activation of biotransformation genes and enzymes. Our results indicate that accumulated pollutants from the Baltic Sea are deactivated inside the migrating salmon's lipid tissues and increase in concentration when migration is initiated thereby limiting their impact on biotransformation processes.
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| 4. |
- Rönnberg, Elina, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Column Generation in the Integral Simplex Method
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Operational Research. - : Elsevier. - 0377-2217 .- 1872-6860. ; 192:1, s. 333-342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The integral simplex method for set partitioning problems allows onlypivots-on-one to be made, which results in a primal all-integer method. Inthis technical note we outline how to tailor the column generationprinciple to this method. Because of the restriction topivots-on-one, only local optimality can be guaranteed, and to ensureglobal optimality we consider the use of implicit enumeration.
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