| 1. |
- Elgåker, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Horse riding posing challenges to the Swedish Right of Public Access
- 2012
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In: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 29, s. 274-293
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increasing numbers of horses are being kept for sports and leisure purposes in peri-urban areas throughout the Western world. This expansion of the equestrian sector represents a multifunctional transition, with new production of rural goods and services and increasing influence on land use. In Sweden, the number of horses has increased from 70,000 to approximately 300,000 over the last 30 years. This increase is putting pressure on the traditional Right of Public Access, an old custom allowing the public to walk, cycle or ride on private or state-owned property. This paper analyses multifunctional land use in peri-urban areas in order to provide a deeper understanding of the potential conflicts arising due to the expanding equine sector and to assess how these can affect the Swedish right of public access and spatial planning. A survey of horse riders and landowners in three peri-urban regions of Sweden revealed that these groups differ in their attitudes towards the Right of Public Access. The data also showed that the expanding equine sector is generating new demands on rural areas and there are questions regarding how the current system of open accessibility can meet the increasing market for equestrian leisure activities. The main conclusion is that there seems to be a strong need for intervention and deliberate creation of new ways of handling the accessibility question, where both a bottom-up and top-down approach may be useful
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| 2. |
- Soares, Ana
(author)
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Biodegradation of the Recalcitrant Endocrine Disruptor Nonylphenol
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Currently, over 100 high-volume chemicals have been classified as endocrine disrupters. One of these is nonylphenol, which was used as the model compound in this study. This substance originates mainly from the degradation of non-ionic surfactants (nonylphenol ethoxylates) which are widely used in industrial and domestic applications. Hence, nonylphenol is widespread in the environment. Under anaerobic conditions the degradation of nonylphenol with 10 ethoxylate groups was observed to take place through sequential removal of ethoxylate groups, resulting in the formation of nonylphenol (up to 11 mg/kg dw) and nonylphenol ethoxylate with 1-3 ethoxylate groups that were accumulated on the sludge. Due to its harmful effects and recalcitrance, the investigation of organisms that can metabolize nonylphenol is important. This was performed by acclimatization and enrichment of selected inocula with nonylphenol as the only carbon source. Suitable bacteria were only found in soil contaminated with ethoxylated non-ionic surfactants collected in an industrial area in Gothenburg, Sweden. The bacteria isolated were classified as Stenotrophomonas sp., Pseudomonas mandelii and Pseudomonas veronii, and were able to grow at low temperatures, with an optimum at 10?C for the two Pseudomonas spp. and they were thus classified as cold-adapted microorganisms. These are, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported cold-adapted organisms that can degrade nonylphenol.. The enriched culture was used to inoculate a lab-scale packed-bed bioreactor fed with mineral salt medium saturated with nonylphenol in order to simulate contaminated water/groundwater. Nonylphenol was degraded by 99-100%, at rates of 43 mg/l?day at 10?C and 22 mg/l?day at temperatures of 5.5?C and 15?C. Removal of endocrine-disrupting activity was also observed. The same type of bioreactor was inoculated with a pure strain of Sphingomonas sp. TTPN3, known to biodegrade nonylphenol and classified as a mesophilic organism. The degradation rate achieved at reactor removal yields of 99-100% was 33 mg nonylphenol/l?day at room temperature (22?2?C), which was lower than the rate obtained at 10?C. These results indicate that the low degradation rates usually observed at low temperatures, common in most of the industrialized countries, can be overcome by the use of adapted organisms. This underlines the relevance of studying cold-adapted organisms which are poorly known, according to FISH analysis performed, in favour of mesophilic organisms. Besides bacteria, white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera sp. BOL13 were screened, among other fungi, for their ability to remove nonylphenol from liquid matrices. Removal rates of 6.6 mg nonylphenol/l?day and 6.1 mg nonylphenol/l?day were observed after 25 days of incubation by Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera sp. BOL13, respectively. These rates could be increased to 9.7 mg nonylphenol/l?day for Bjerkandera sp. BOL13 by raising the concentration of active biomass in the inoculum and reducing mass transfer limitations by agitating the cultures. However, the removal of nonylphenol was not clearly correlated with the production of extracellular enzymes. For Trametes versicolor, nonylphenol removal was closely related with laccase production. This fungus was inhibited at nonylphenol concentrations above 15 mg/l, indicating the toxic effects of nonylphenol on this fungal strain. Nonylphenol removal from soil was also attempted by washing artificially contaminated soil at 40?C. The leachate was then fed into a packed-bed bioreactor where nonylphenol was successfully degraded. However, when real contaminated soil was used, the removal of nonylphenol from the soil decreased, showing the limitation of this method in aged soils where adsorption restricted the extraction process. White-rot fungi are potential soil colonizers with high surface growth rates, and are able to reach pollutants in soil in ways bacteria can not. Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera sp. BOL13 degraded approximately 430 mg nonylphenol/kg in artificially contaminated soil after 5 weeks of incubation. These results could not be repeated with real contaminated soil due to the high pH of the soil used and the presence of other contaminants which interfered with the growth of the fungi.
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| 3. |
- Becker, Matthias, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Extending Automotive Legacy Systems with Existing End-to-End Timing Constraints
- 2018
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In: 14th International Conference on Information Technology : New Generations ITNG'17. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319549774 ; , s. 597-605
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing automotive software is becoming in- creasingly challenging due to continuous increase in its size and complexity. The development challenge is amplified when the industrial requirements dictate extensions to the legacy (previously developed) automotive software while requiring to meet the existing timing requirements. To cope with these challenges, sufficient techniques and tooling to support the modeling and timing analysis of such systems at earlier development phases is needed. Within this context, we focus on the extension of software component chains in the software architectures of automotive legacy systems. Selecting the sampling frequency, i.e. period, for newly added software components is crucial to meet the timing requirements of the chains. The challenges in selecting periods are identified. It is further shown how to automatically assign periods to software components, such that the end-to-end timing requirements are met while the runtime overhead is minimized. An industrial case study is presented that demonstrates the applicability of the proposed solution to industrial problems.
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