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Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence, Decision Making and International Law
- 2023
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In: Nordic Journal of International Law. - 0902-7351. ; 92:1
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The question how AI (including machine learning) impacts on law in general, and on international law in particular, has gained more and more traction in recent years. Ensuing debates have mainly homed in on threats and opportunities posed to law by this technology, and remained on a rather abstract level. With this special issue, we wish to add granularity to existing research by narrowing our focus to what we see as a critical area. Our question is how AI-supported decision-making might impact on the formation of international law through custom or treaty interpretation. This allows us to track how technologically induced practice makes its way into domestic law, and, potentially, from there onwards into international law. We base ourselves on the insight that all forms of practice rely, in one way or another, on enabling technologies, and that technological change therefore eo ipso garners changes in practice. Whether these changes are relevant under domestic and international law is what we set out to chart in a number of fields of international law. By selecting assisted and automatic decision-making supported by AI as a technology, we delimit this special issue to those practices that shape the social contract on which our societies rest.
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- Van Den Bersselaar, Luuk R., et al.
(author)
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Referral Indications for Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility Diagnostics in Patients without Adverse Anesthetic Events in the Era of Next-generation Sequencing
- 2022
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In: Anesthesiology. - 0003-3022. ; 136:6, s. 940-953
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The introduction of next-generation sequencing into the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders has resulted in an increased number of newly identified RYR1 variants. The hypothesis was that there is an increased referral of patients to malignant hyperthermia units without a personal/family history of adverse anesthetic events suspected to be malignant hyperthermia. This retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluates patient referral indications and outcomes for those without a history of an adverse anesthetic event. Methods: Patients referred between 2010 and 2019 to the malignant hyperthermia units in Antwerp, Belgium; Lund, Sweden; Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Toronto, Ontario, Canada were included. Previously tested patients and relatives of previously tested patients were excluded. Data collection included demographics, referral details, muscle contracture, and genetic testing results including Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner scores. Referral indications were categorized into those with a personal/family history of adverse anesthetic event and other indications including exertional and/or recurrent rhabdomyolysis, RYR1 variant(s) detected in diagnostic testing in the neuromuscular clinic without a specific diagnosis (in a family member), diagnosed RYR1-related myopathy (in a family member), idiopathically elevated resting creatine kinase values, exertional heat stroke, and other. Results: A total of 520 medical records were included, with the three most frequent referral indications as follows: personal history of an adverse anesthetic event (211 of 520; 40.6%), family history of an adverse anesthetic event (115 of 520; 22.1%), and exertional and/or recurrent rhabdomyolysis (46 of 520; 8.8%). The proportion of patients referred without a personal/family history of an adverse anesthetic event increased to 43.6% (133 of 305) between 2015 and 2019 compared to 28.4% (61 of 215) in 2010 to 2014 (P < 0.001). Patients with a personal/family history of an adverse anesthetic event were more frequently diagnosed as malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (133 of 220; 60.5%) than those without (47 of 120; 39.2%; P < 0.001). Due to missing data, 180 medical records were excluded. Conclusions: The proportion of patients referred to malignant hyperthermia units without a personal/family history of an adverse anesthetic event has increased, with 39.2% (47 of 120) diagnosed as malignant hyperthermia-susceptible.
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- Berndt, Jaqueline, Prof Dr, 1963-
(author)
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Introducción
- 2023
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In: Estudios de Anime. - Gijón : Satori. - 9788419035479 ; , s. 13-36
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Spanish translation of2021_“Introduction,” in Anime Studies: Media-Specific Approaches to Neon Genesis Evangelion, ed. by José Andrés Santiago Iglesias and Ana Soler Baena, Stockholm UP, pp. 1–18. Open Access. by Jonathan López-Vera con asesoramiento terminológico de David Heredia desde DARUMA Serveis Lingüístics, SL. See also Polish translation of the same chapter, by Anna Justyna Radkiewicz, 2022, doi.org/10.26881/pan.2022.28.07.
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- Langin, D, et al.
(author)
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Adipocyte lipases and defect of lipolysis in human obesity
- 2005
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 54:11, s. 3190-3197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mobilization of fat stored in adipose tissue is mediated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and the recently characterized adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), yet their relative importance in lipolysis is unknown. We show that a novel potent inhibitor of HSL does not inhibit other lipases. The compound counteracted catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in mouse adipocytes and had no effect on residual triglyceride hydrolysis and lipolysis in HSL-null mice. In human adipocytes, catecholamine- and natriuretic peptide-induced lipolysis were completely blunted by the HSL inhibitor. When fat cells were not stimulated, glycerol but not fatty acid release was inhibited. HSL and ATGL mRNA levels increased concomitantly during adipocyte differentiation. Abundance of the two transcripts in human adipose tissue was highly correlated in habitual dietary conditions and during a hypocaloric diet, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms for the two genes. Comparison of obese and nonobese subjects showed that obesity was associated with a decrease in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and HSL expression in mature fat cells and in differentiated preadipocytes. In conclusion, HSL is the major lipase for catecholamine- and natriuretic peptide-stimulated lipolysis, whereas ATGL mediates the hydrolysis of triglycerides during basal lipolysis. Decreased catecholamine-induced lipolysis and low HSL expression constitute a possibly primary defect in obesity.
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- Assefa, Getachew, et al.
(author)
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Life Cycle Assessment of Thermal Treatment Technologies : An environmental and financial systems analysis of gasification, incineration and landfilling of waste
- 2002
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A technology which is currently developed by researchers at KTH is catalytic combustion which is one component of a gasification system. Instead of performing the combustion in the gas turbine by a flame, a catalyst is used. When the development of a new technology (as catalytic combustion) reaches a certain step where it is possible to quantify material-, energy- and capital flows, the prerequisites for performing a systems analysis is at hand. The systems analysis can be used to expand the know-how about the potential advantages of the catalytic combustion technology by highlighting its function as a component of a larger system. In this way it may be possible to point out weak points which have to be investigated more, but also strong points to emphasise the importance of further development.The aim of this project was to assess the energy turnover as well as the potential environmental impacts and economic costs of thermal treatment technologies in general and catalytic combustion in particular. By using a holistic assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of catalytic combustion of waste it was possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the technology under different conditions. Following different treatment scenarios have been studied: (1) Gasification with catalytic combustion, (2) Gasification with flame combustion, (3) Incineration with energy recovery and (4) Landfilling with gas collection. In the study compensatory district heating is produced by combustion of biofuel. The power used for running the processes in the scenarios is supplied by the waste-to-energy technologies themselves while compensatory power is assumed to be produced from natural gas. The emissions from the system studied were classified and characterised using methodology from Life Cycle Assessment into the following environmental impact categories: Global Warming Potential (also called the green house effect), Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential and finally Formation of Photochemical Oxidants.It is obvious that a decreased use of landfilling in favour of an increased energy recovery from waste is positive from all considered impact categories. Gasification with energy recovery in a combi cycle using catalytic combustion in the gas turbine is the most competitive technology from primarily an environmental point of view. The financial costs are however a bit higher than for incineration with energy recovery. This conclusion depends, however, on the assumption that the gasification and catalyst technologies work as the researchers presume and that the fuel is of high quality. For this, the pelletising unit is vital in the technology chain.A comparison of the catalytic combustion and the flame combustion shows that all impact categories except acidification, eutrophication and photochemical oxidants remain the same. The gasification process is identical between the two alternatives; it is just the combustion technology in the gas turbine that is different. This explains why the fuel consumption and the financial costs are not changed (a minor extra investment is made for the catalyst but is not noticeable in comparison to the total impact). Emissions of greenhouse gases are also identical. For the other impact categories there are differences for several of the emissions involved in the impact assessment but NOX is clearly the dominating one.Gasification with catalytic combustion is competitive to incineration. The small difference for eutrophication is within the error margin and is strongly dependent on the reduction of NOX in the incineration plant. The explanation to this result is that a combi cycle in combination with natural gas as the alternative power generation is a better system solution than incineration with biofuel as compensatory fuel. Financial costs are somewhat higher than for incineration but could also claimed to be within the error margin since the inventory of costs are more uncertain due to the fact that there is no plant with gasification and catalytic combustion in operation.
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| 7. |
- Asserhed, Björn, 1973-
(author)
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Gardens in the Wasteland : Christian Formation in Three Swedish Church Plants
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gardens in the Wasteland is an ethnographic study of Christian formation within three Swedish church plants working against a backdrop of advanced secularisation. The thesis analyses the formative practices employed by these church plants with the intention of forming persons towards a lived Christian identity. Employing a situated learning theory framework, it traces the formative trajectories and negotiations that emerge from these shared practices, and also examines the articulations of callings and intentions within these church plants.The findings reveal that the establishment of a church plant often stems from a sense of place-oriented calling that encompasses a vision of vibrant Christian life and community. These church plants cultivate formative practices – aimed at certain teloi – that guide individuals on their journeys towards a lived Christian identity. Through participation in these practices, individuals align themselves with the church plant’s vision of Christian life. This identity formation process is not static but rather involves ongoing negotiations, both on a personal and community level, as individuals grapple with the meaning of Christian identity and faith amidst an increasingly secularised society.
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| 8. |
- Schultz Nybacka, Pamela, 1971-
(author)
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Vad försiggår under det rosa strecket?
- 2018
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In: Svenska Dagbladet. - : Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :27 juli, s. 23-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 9. |
- Sonnenschein, Katrine, et al.
(author)
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Acculturation and career adaptability of international Chinese hospitality students
- 2020
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate how Chinese international hospitality students’ home and host culture orientation is related to their career adaptability. Home culture orientation and host culture orientation are the two strategies that travellers use to deal with the challenges of living in a new culture. “Home culture orientation helps individuals maintain and identify with their own cultural heritage, whereas host culture orientation motivates individuals to participate in and identify with the host society's culture’’ (Guan et al., 2018, p. 229). Career adaptability depends on the problem solving strategies of the individual which influence on his or her career control, concern, curiosity and confidence (Del Corso & Rehfuss, 2011).According to Guan et al. (2018), acculturation (both home and host culture orientation) has an impact on international students’ career adaptability. This can be explained by the fact that international students often interact and socialise with students from their own culture, other international students and domestic students to seek support to understand how their cultural adaptation and career development are influenced by the environment. Guan et al., 2018 further suggest that international students’ home culture orientation may lead to difficulties in acculturating to the host culture which may demotivate them to engage in career exploration activities which impedes their career adaptability. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate further how home and host culture orientation is related to career adaptability. In the last decades, an increasing number of Chinese students are studying overseas in different Western countries (Liu, 2009). Many Chinese students choose to study in Australia (Davis & Mackintosh, 2011; Yang, 2007) and hospitality management was the sixth most popular degree among Chinese international students within business and commerce in Australian higher education in 2016 (Australian Government Department of Education and Training 2016). Furthermore, Gribble and Li (2013) have argued that employment outcomes are a crucial factor for Chinese students and their families when considering study abroad options (Gribble and Li, 2013), which makes this case relevant for the current study. The methodology of the study is qualitative, including semi-structured interviews with 19 international Chinese students studying hospitality management in an Australian East Queensland university. The results demonstrated that in most cases the country of the students’ work /internship experience (either Australia or China) and their interaction on campus with local and international students had an influence on where they would like to work after the completion of their studies. Furthermore, the career control of their parents seemed to be significant having an influence on the students’ acculturation. Finally, most students seemed to have confidence about their future career. Even though some of them had a lack of confidence regarding their English language skills they might still want to pursue a career in Australia. The theoretical and methodological contribution of the study is the application of acculturation and career adaptability theories with a qualitative inductive perspective. Finally, the study will provide a practical contribution through recommendations about how universities can assist international students in their career development and acculturation process.
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