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| 2. |
- Barbabella, Francesco, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Increasing inclusion and participation of the young-old and the old-old
- 2013
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In: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 17:Supplement, June/July, s. S132-S132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: While healthy ageing represents a pre-condition for older people to enjoy a longer and disability-free life span, quality of life in older age is dependent also upon society’s ability to grant individuals social protection, as well as to promote their active participation in the community until the very end of life. These issues constitute a challenge for current and future research on ageing.Method: A 2-year consultation process with over 70 international experts was conducted within the FUTURAGE work-stream focussedon social and economic resources in ageing research. This process allowed a comprehensive discussion on most relevant social participation and protection issues involving scientists, users’ organisations, policy makers and other stakeholders, which led to a set of specific research priorities.Results: The main challenges identified for future ageing research concerning social participation are: ageism; migration; life-long learning; digital divide; spirituality; volunteering; mobility and accessibility; discrimination in the labour market; consumption and access to products and services; and work-life balance. As for social protection, the following core issues have been spotted: sustainability; support to informal carers (also through ICT-based services); efficiency; access to care; cost-effectiveness and quality of interventions; initiatives to improve intergenerational solidarity.Conclusion: Societal challenges related to social participation and sustainability of social protection systems clearly urge new actions in research, practices and policy on ageing. In particular, the identification of over-arching issues, barriers and enablers contributes to strengthen scientific research in the field, as well as to support policy makers in improving social life and quality of life of older people.
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 6. |
- Dawson, H. M., et al.
(author)
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Large Diversity in Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Compatible Solute Profiles in Polar and Temperate Diatoms
- 2020
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In: Integrative and Comparative Biology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1540-7063 .- 1557-7023. ; 60:6, s. 1401-1413
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intense bottom-ice algal blooms, often dominated by diatoms, are an important source of food for grazers, organic matter for export during sea ice melt, and dissolved organic carbon. Sea-ice diatoms have a number of adaptations, including accumulation of compatible solutes, that allows them to inhabit this highly variable environment characterized by extremes in temperature, salinity, and light. In addition to protecting them from extreme conditions, these compounds present a labile, nutrient-rich source of organic matter, and include precursors to climate active compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide [DMS]), which are likely regulated with environmental change. Here, intracellular concentrations of 45 metabolites were quantified in three sea-ice diatom species and were compared to two temperate diatom species, with a focus on compatible solutes and free amino acid pools. There was a large diversity of metabolite concentrations between diatoms with no clear pattern identifiable for sea-ice species. Concentrations of some compatible solutes (isethionic acid, homarine) approached 1 M in the sea-ice diatoms, Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Navicula cf. perminuta, but not in the larger sea-ice diatom, Nitzschia lecointei or in the temperate diatom species. The differential use of compatible solutes in sea-ice diatoms suggests different adaptive strategies and highlights which small organic compounds may be important in polar biogeochemical cycles.
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| 7. |
- Dawson-Hughes, B, et al.
(author)
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The potential impact of new National Osteoporosis Foundation guidance on treatment patterns.
- 2010
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In: Osteoporosis international. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 21:1, s. 41-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data describes the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis and the proportions of men and postmenopausal women age 50 years and older who are candidates for treatment to lower fracture risk, according to the new FRAX-based National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide. INTRODUCTION: Little information is available on prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors or proportions of US men and women who are potential candidates for treatment. METHODS: The prevalence of risk factors used in the new National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) FRAX-based Guide to the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis was estimated using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Risk factors not measured in NHANES III were simulated using World Health Organization cohorts. The proportion of US men and postmenopausal women age 50+ years who are treatment candidates by the new NOF Guide were calculated; for non-Hispanic white (NHW) women, the proportion eligible by the new NOF Guide was compared with that based on an earlier NOF Guide. RESULTS: Twenty percent of men and 37% of women were potential candidates for treatment to prevent fractures by the new NOF Guide. Among NHW women, 53% were potential candidates by the previous NOF Guide compared with 41% by the new guide. CONCLUSIONS: One fifth of men and 37% of postmenopausal women are eligible for osteoporosis treatment consideration by the new NOF Guide. However, fewer NHW women are eligible by the new guide than by the previous NOF Guide.
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| 8. |
- Ehrenborg, Casimir, et al.
(author)
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Capacity Bounds and Degrees of Freedom for MIMO Antennas
- 2021
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In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X. ; 69:9, s. 5388-5400
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The optimal spectral efficiency and number of independent channels for MIMO antennas in isotropic multipath channels are investigated when bandwidth requirements are placed on the antenna. By posing the problem as a convex optimization problem restricted by the port Q-factor a semi-analytical expression is formed for its solution. The antennas are simulated by method of moments and the solution is formulated both for structures fed by discrete ports, as well as for design regions characterized by an equivalent current. It is shown that the solution is solely dependent on the eigenvalues of the so-called energy modes of the antenna. The magnitude of these eigenvalues is analyzed for a linear dipole array as well as a plate with embedded antenna regions. The energy modes are also compared to the characteristic modes to validate characteristic modes as a design strategy for MIMO antennas. The antenna performance is illustrated through spectral efficiency over the Q-factor, a quantity that is connected to the capacity. It is proposed that the number of energy modes below a given Q-factor can be used to estimate the degrees of freedom for that Q-factor.
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| 9. |
- Evaldsson, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Spin polarization in open quantum dots
- 2006
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 73:3, s. 035319-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate coherent transport through open lateral quantum dots using recursive Green's function technique, incorporating exchange-correlation effects within the density functional theory (DFT) in the local spin-density approximation. At low electron densities the current is spin polarized and electron density in the dot shows a strong spin polarization. As the electron density increases the spin polarization in the dot gradually diminishes. These findings are consistent with available experimental observations. Results of our DFT-based modeling indicate that utilization of the simplified approaches that use phenomenological parameters and/or model Hamiltonians might not be always reliable for theoretical predictions as well as interpretations of the experiments.
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| 10. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960
(author)
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Långsiktig framgång - reducera fel och slöseri i byggandet
- 2013
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Företag och andra organisationer lever med krav och förväntningar på att leverera allt högre kundvärde och att samtidigt förbruka allt färre resurser. Långsiktig framgång syftar i den här boken på att utveckla och fullfölja en genomtänkt strategi för att möta båda dessa krav. Boken handlar i första hand om hur företag kan minska resursförbrukningen genom att minska förekomsten av fel och slöseri, dvs sådan förbrukning av resurser som inte tillför värde för kunden.Att minska slöseri är en ledarskapsfråga, inte minst genom att träna medarbetarna att se den verkliga resursförbrukningen i de egna processerna och att kunna förstå på vilket sätt den tillför värde för kunden. Boken syftar därför till att inspirera och vägleda företagsledare och medarbetare hos företag och andra organisationer till att öka sin konkurrenskraft genom att faktiskt reducera volymen fel och slöseri i sina processer. Men den riktar sig också till högskole- och universitetsstudenter som vill skaffa nya perspektiv på byggande och byggprocesser.
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