| 1. |
- Lind, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Jakt på papperslösa gör oss till en polisstat
- 2016
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In: Svenska Dagbladet. - : Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-10-04
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Regeringen föreslår nio åtgärder för att hitta och utvisa papperslösa. Det kommer att slå hårt och främst gå ut över redan svaga och jagade människor. Vi uppmanar därför regeringen att ta tillbaka åtgärderna, skriver 43 forskare.
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| 2. |
- Adamik, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Barrier crossing in small avian migrants : individual tracking reveals prolonged nocturnal flights into the day as a common migratory strategy
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over decades it has been unclear how individual migratory songbirds cross large ecological barriers such as seas or deserts. By deploying light-level geolocators on four songbird species weighing only about 12 g, we found that these otherwise mainly nocturnal migrants seem to regularly extend their nocturnal flights into the day when crossing the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. The proportion of the proposed diurnally flying birds gradually declined over the day with similar landing patterns in autumn and spring. The prolonged flights were slightly more frequent in spring than in autumn, suggesting tighter migratory schedules when returning to breeding sites. Often we found several patterns for barrier crossing for the same individual in autumn compared to the spring journey. As only a small proportion of the birds flew strictly during the night and even some individuals might have flown non-stop, we suggest that prolonged endurance flights are not an exception even in small migratory species. We emphasise an individual’s ability to perform both diurnal and nocturnal migration when facing the challenge of crossing a large ecological barrier to successfully complete a migratory journey.
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| 3. |
- Pham, Tuan D
(author)
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Cancer classification by minimizing fuzzy scattering effect
- 2008
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proteomic technology has been found promising for classifying complex diseases that leads to early prediction. However, for effective classification, the extraction of good features that can represent the identities of different classes plays the frontal critical factor for any classification problems. In addition, another major problem associated with pattern recognition is how to effectively handle a large feature space. This paper addresses these two frontal issues for mass spectrometry (MS) classification. We apply the theory of linear predictive coding to extract features and fuzzy vector quantization to reduce the large feature space of MS data. The minimization of the fuzzy scattering matrix in the setting of the fuzzy c-means algorithm provides better grouping for feature classification. The proposed methodology was tested using two MS-based cancer datasets and the results are promising.
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| 4. |
- Glans, Peter, et al.
(author)
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X-ray emission spectroscopy measurements of fluorine substituted methanes
- 1994
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In: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - 0953-4075. ; 27:15, s. 3399-3414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the carbon and fluorine x-ray emission spectra of methane and the fluoromethanes (CH4-xFx, x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4), measured in high resolution. Relative x-ray emission intensities in dipole velocity and length gauges have been derived from the independent particle approximation using Hartree Fock ground state molecular orbitals. The results of the calculations are compared with the experimental spectra. In the experimental carbon (K-V) emission spectrum of CF4 We observe dipole-forbidden electronic transitions. We suggest that these transitions arise due to vibronic coupling, i.e. intensity is borrowed from the dipole-allowed transitions.
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| 5. |
- Mirzanamadi, Raheb, 1987
(author)
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Ice free roads using hydronic heating pavement with low temperature: Thermal properties of asphalt concretes and numerical simulations
- 2017
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A traditional method to mitigate the slippery conditions of a road is to spread out salt and sand on the road surface. However, salting causes corrosion on the road infrastructures, damage to surrounding vegetation and salification of fresh water. Hence, there is a need for alternative solutions to mitigate the slippery conditions. A renewable alternative is to use a Hydronic Heating Pavement (HHP). The HHP system consists of embedded pipes in the road. A fluid as thermal energy carrier circulates through the pipes. During sunny days, when the road surface is warm, the energy is harvested and saved in seasonal thermal energy storages. During cold days, the warm fluid from the storage is pumped back to the pipes to increase the surface temperature.The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the HHP system for harvesting energy from the road surface during summer and anti-icing the road surface during winter. In the HHP system, the main part of the heat transfer occurs between the embedded pipes and the road surface. Hence, it is of importance to determine the thermal properties of the road materials. The thermal properties of a few Swedish typical asphalt concretes, used to construct the asphalt road pavements, were experimentally measured by the Transient Plane Source (TPS) method. The accuracy of the measurements of the TPS method was examined using different sensor sizes. Moreover, in order to investigate the effects of the different design parameters of asphalt concrete such as the types of aggregates on the thermal properties, a numerical model of asphalt concrete was developed. Comparing the obtained thermal properties by the numerical model and the experimental measurements exhibited that the relative error between two methods is in the range of 2% to 10%.Furthermore, in order to investigate the performance of the HHP system, a two-dimensional numerical model of the HHP system was developed based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The developed numerical model was validated by two cases: (i) for the road without pipes, using a one year measured data and (ii) for the road with the embedded pipes, using analytical solutions. The validation results for the road without pipes showed that the annual mean difference of the temperature at the depth of 10 cm from the road surface is 0.1°C with the standard deviation of 1.15°C between the measured data and the numerically predicted temperature. The validation results for the road with the embedded pipes showed that the maximum relative error of the thermal resistance between the pipe and surface is less than 5% between the obtained results from the numerical model and the analytical solution. In order to investigate the harvesting and anti-icing performance of the HHP system, the climate data were selected from Östersund in middle of Sweden, where there is an ongoing test site project to construct the HHP system in 2017. It was assumed that when the road surface temperature was lower than 0°C, the heating was started to keep the surface temperature higher than the dew point temperature. The heating was stopped when the air temperature was below -12°C. Based on the climate data, 90% of the slippery conditions on the road surface, due to condensation, occurred when the air temperature was above -12°C. Furthermore, the air temperature was above 8°C during 70% of the warm days (from the first of May to the end of September). The air temperature of 8°C was taken into account to start harvesting energy from the road surface. The results showed that by maintaining constant fluid temperature of 6°C through the pipes, 100 mm distance between the pipes and 3.5 m width of the road, the annual required energy for anti-icing the road surface is 356 kWh/(m·year) and the annual harvested energy from the road surface was 1,047 kWh/(m·year). Enhancing the thermal conductivity of road layers improves the harvesting and anti-icing performances of the HHP system.
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| 10. |
- Simha, Prithvi, et al.
(author)
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China should focus beyond access to toilets to tap into the full potential of its Rural Toilet Revolution
- 2022
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In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In China, over 47 million toilets in rural areas have been upgraded since the nationwide sanitation program, popularly referred to as the "toilet revolution", was launched in 2015. However, little is known about the perceptions of rural households regarding these new toilets or the fate of human excreta collected using them. To investigate the other side of the toilet revolution, we surveyed 980 rural households from 22 provinces across China in 2020. We found that most households used an on-site sanitation system (i.e. septic tanks and pit latrines), where urine and feces were mixed and collected (88%), stored in pits or tanks (79%), emptied by the households themselves (60%), applied on farmland as fertilizer (45%), or used for biogas production (5%). Despite the toilet revolution-driven infrastructure upgrade, only 25% of the households were satisfied with their sanitation system and pointed to health risks from issues in the toilet interface and the treatment and reuse of excreta as areas of concern. The majority preferred an "out of sight, out of mind" approach, in which the local government handles excreta without involving the households and without asking them to pay for such management. Meanwhile, 80% supported the idea of local nutrient recycling and believed that human excreta should return to farmland as fertilizer or used for biogas production. Our findings suggest that decision makers in local governments across China must urgently explore ways to upgrade all parts of the sanitation service chain so that rural sanitation can be truly improved to positively influence the progress on other national sustainability goals.
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