| 1. |
- Abe, K., et al.
(author)
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Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector
- 2022
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 17:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The tagging procedure was performed on 3,244.4 days of SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data, identifying 18,091 neutrons in 26,473 neutrino events. The fitted neutron capture lifetime was measured as 218 +/- 9 mu s.
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| 2. |
- Abe, K., et al.
(author)
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Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande
- 2021
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 916:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants-neutron stars and black holes-are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokande's response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations toward a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.
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| 3. |
- Abe, Minori, et al.
(author)
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Accurate determination of the enhancement factor X for the nuclear Schiff moment in (TlF)-Tl-205 molecule based on the four-component relativistic coupled-cluster theory
- 2020
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In: Molecular Physics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0026-8976 .- 1362-3028. ; 118:23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies of parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetry violations using molecules are important and attractive because they are complementary to the high-energy tests of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. The focus of our present work is to surpass the current accuracies of the quantity X, an enhancement factor for the nuclear Schiff moment (Q), and the nucleon electric dipole moments for the (TlF)-Tl-205 molecule. We obtain X = 6856 a.u. using a relativistic coupled-cluster singles and doubles and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) approach. This new value of X improves the upper limits for Q and the proton EDM by about ten percent over the previous ones. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Humphreys, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Senescence and Host-Pathogen Interactions
- 2020
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In: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 9:7
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Damage to our genomes triggers cellular senescence characterised by stable cell cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory secretome that prevents the unrestricted growth of cells with pathological potential. In this way, senescence can be considered a powerful innate defence against cancer and viral infection. However, damage accumulated during ageing increases the number of senescent cells and this contributes to the chronic inflammation and deregulation of the immune function, which increases susceptibility to infectious disease in ageing organisms. Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host-pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. This review highlights the dichotomous role of senescence in infection: an innate defence that is exploited by pathogens to cause disease.
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| 6. |
- Ivajnsic, Danijel, et al.
(author)
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COLONIZATION BY ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA OF VARIOUS SOIL AND HABITAT TYPES OUTSIDE WOODLANDS IN A TRADITIONAL CENTRAL-EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
- 2012
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In: Polish Journal of Ecology. - 1505-2249. ; 60:2, s. 301-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The invasiveness of Robinia pseudoacacia, one of the most invasive alien tree species in the agricultural landscapes of Central Europe, was studied in relation to its colonization of various soil and habitat types. The study area was a traditional agricultural landscape in Goricko Landscape Park (Slovenia), a hilly region, where half the territory is covered by forests and where R. pseudoacacia is also common. Habitat mapping in the field with a resolution of two meters was applied and further elaborated in GIS. It revealed 1307 patches colonized by R. pseudoacacia and belonging to 11 habitat types, covering 0.6% of the total study area. The most widespread were pure R. pseudoacacia stands, representing 69% of the total patch area. R. pseudoacacia is also abundantly present in small woodlots (19%) and in lowland and collinar riverine willow scrub (6%). The patches vary little in fractal dimension; the elongation index is highest in lowland and collinar riverine willow scrub, stream ash-alder woods and mixed stands. The most frequently invaded soil is pseudogley, with more than 38% of the total surface, followed by 21% for fluvisol and 17% for eutric cambisol. We confirmed that distance from nearest woodland is important, since almost 32% of the invaded patches are found at a distance of 1-100 meters from closed woodland.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas
- 2008
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of this edited volume is to present the latest developments in the field of social dilemma research. Research on social dilemmas, defined as situations where there is a conflict between self-interest and collective interest, has during the last twenty years gained increased research interest from several disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and economics. The social dilemma research field has wide applications to numerous real-world issues such as environmental degradation brought on by human behavior, cooperative behavior in organizations, as well as willingness to contribute to societal public goods. The main aim has been to investigate under what circumstances people make decisions that are in line with the collective interest as well as investigating how different types of tools can increase the propensity to cooperate.
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| 9. |
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New issues in Polar tourism : communities, environments, politics
- 2013
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New Issues in Polar Tourism traces and analyzes a decade of growing interest in the polar regions, and the consequent challenges and opportunities of increasing tourist traffic in formerly remote and seldom-visited places. The book arises from the recently-formed International Polar Tourism Research Network (IPTRN), and documents the outcomes of its 2010 conference, held at Sweden's Abisko Scientific Research Station.Opening with a review of the early history of polar tourism, the book discusses reasons for the rise in traffic to more than 12 million visitors to the Arctic (2006) and some 40,000 to the Antarctic (2009-10). These causes include "last chance" tourism inspired by increased media coverage of climate change, easier access to remote areas due to the shortening ice-season and the pursuit of tourism by destination areas seeking economic and employment opportunities.In subsequent chapters, the editors and contributors introduce environmental politics and impacts, and draw attention to physical impacts of tourism, to conceptual ideas of polar wilderness and to practical political action. The third section of the book addresses communities and tourism in polar areas, discussing how businesses operate in polar environment with respect to climate change and how the tourism industry can both advance and threaten efforts to sustain delicate environments and communities.Coverage includes case studies examining indigenous peoples and tourism, a chapter speculating on the nature of winter tourism in n Sweden in the year 2040 and a concluding chapter which draws together the findings of the book.
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| 10. |
- Pohl, Jochen, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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A semi-automated parallel parking system for passenger cars
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part D, journal of automobile engineering. - 0954-4070 .- 2041-2991. ; 220:1, s. 53-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Car parking has been, and still is, a growing problem, with increasing vehicle sizes in the luxury segment as well as sport-utility vehicles. This is especially true when bearing in mind the confined parking spaces in parking lots and cities. While damage during parking generally does not cause any injury to the passengers, it is costly and annoying. Park assist systems are by no means new on the market, since passive systems which provide longitudinal guidance using ultrasonic distance sensors have been available on the market for a number of years.The system presented is a semi-automated approach to parallel parking problems, as they frequently occur in European and Asian cities. The challenge during the development of this system was to have as few components as possible added to a standard vehicle, seeking reuse of many of the already built-in functionalities. The result is a system that leaves the longitudinal control of the vehicle to the driver but automates the steering process, and even stops the vehicle when the final parking position is reached.
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