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| 2. |
- Hällstig, Emil, et al.
(author)
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Retrocommunication utilizing electroabsorption modulators and non-mechanical beam steering
- 2005
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In: Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 0091-3286 .- 1560-2303. ; 44:4, s. 045001-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel retrocommunication link utilizing reflective multiplequantum well (MQW) optical modulators and nonmechanical beamsteering and tracking is demonstrated. Large aperture reflective MQWmodulators using AlGaAs/GaAs are optimized and manufactured. Themodulators exhibit a contrast ratio larger than 4:1 and a modulationbandwidth of 10 MHz. Nonmechanical beam steering and tracking arestudied using nematic liquid crystal (NLC) spatial light modulators(SLMs). The communication link is comprised of a retromodulating arraywith four MQW modulators and a transceiver using a NLC SLM for beamsteering and tracking. Transfer of audio, real-time image data and pseudorandombit sequences over 100-m range while tracking the movingretromodulator is shown. The link is capable of transferring data at approximately8 Mbps.
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| 3. |
- Junique, Stephan, et al.
(author)
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GaAs-based multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators fabricated by a wafer-scale process
- 2005
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In: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 44:9, s. 1635-1641
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design, fabrication, and characterization of large, two-dimensional multiple-quantum-well modulator arrays are presented. Such arrays present a speed advantage compared with competing technologies such as liquid crystals and micromirrors, which are intrinsically limited to the kilohertz range. We discuss the design compromises to reach high-contrast, low-voltage swing optical structures compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based integrated circuits and present experimental results. Contrast ratio of 5:1 (limited by the fill factor), variations in uniformity below 1 nm, and frame rates in excess of 10 kHz are demonstrated. Technology maturity for volume production is also discussed.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Qin, et al.
(author)
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Arrays of vertical-cavity electroabsorption modulators for parallel signal processing
- 2005
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 13:9, s. 3323-3330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vertical-cavity multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulators (EAM) offer gigahertz modulation speeds, insensitivity to light polarisation and can be integrated into large arrays. They are therefore good candidates for efficient parallel signal processing architectures. We present high-performance 2 x 128 and 2 x 64 EAM arrays that were fabricated at 4" wafer-scale by using optimised fabrication and hybridisation processes. The arrays exhibit contrast ratios of 20: 1 with a voltage swing of 1 V, a maximum contrast ratio of 335: 1 for a 10 V bias and a modulation frequency in excess of 15 MHz.
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