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- Callaway, EM, et al.
(author)
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A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex
- 2021
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 598:7879, s. 86-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties and cellular resolution input–output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell-type organization1–5. First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a consensus taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that is conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially resolved cell-type atlas of the motor cortex. Fourth, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the transcriptomic, epigenomic and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting glutamatergic neuron types towards linking their molecular and developmental identity to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unifying and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell-type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties.
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- Cheng, Q., et al.
(author)
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Unveiling anneal hardening in dilute Al-doped AlxCoCrFeMnNi (x=0, 0.1) high-entropy alloys
- 2021
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In: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1005-0302. ; 91, s. 270-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Anneal hardening has been one of the approaches to improve mechanical properties of solid solution alloys with the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, whereby a considerable strengthening can be attained by annealing of cold-worked alloys below the recrystallization temperature (T-rx). Microscopically, this hardening effect has been ascribed to several mechanisms, i.e. solute segregation to defects (dislocation and stacking fault) and short-range chemical ordering, etc. However, none of these mechanisms can well explain the anneal hardening recently observed in phase-pure and coarse-grained FCC-structured high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Here we report the observations, using high-resolution electron channeling contrast imaging and transmission electron microscopy, of profuse and stable dislocation substructures in a cold-rolled CoCrFeMnNi HEA subject to an annealing below T-rx. The dislocation substructures are observed to be thermally stable up to T-rx, which could arise from the chemical complexity of the high-entropy system where certain elemental diffusion retardation occurs. The microstructure feature is markedly different from that of conventional dilute solid solution alloys, in which dislocation substructures gradually vanish by recovery during annealing, leading to a strength drop. Furthermore, dilute addition of 2 at.% Al leads to a reduction in both microhardness and yield strength of the cold-rolled and subsequently annealed (<= 500 degrees C) HEA. This Al induced softening effect, could be associated with the anisotropic formation of dislocation substructure, resulting from enhanced dislocation planar slip due to glide plane softening effect. These findings suggest that the strength of HEAs can be tailored through the anneal hardening effect from dislocation substructure strengthening.
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- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(author)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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In: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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