| 1. |
- Eiben, G, et al.
(author)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes : cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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In: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000.Setting: Göteborg, Sweden.Design: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts.Results: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men.Conclusions: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population.
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| 2. |
- Benzein, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Families in home care - a resource or a burden? : district nurses' beliefs
- 2004
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In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 13:7, s. 867-875
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Caring for families in home care is a growing part of Swedish district nurses' professional work. District nurses' facilitative and constraining beliefs about families guide the extent to which families are acknowledged and engaged in the care. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore district nurses' beliefs about families in home care. DESIGN: Explorative, descriptive. METHODS: Five district nurses participated in focus group interviews on three separate occasions. Each interview lasted approximately 90 minutes, was audio taped and transcribed verbatim. A thematic content analysis was used for analyses of the data. RESULTS: The result revealed two underpinning beliefs held by the district nurses towards families in home care: families are a resource and Families are a burden. Families could be a resource for the patient, for the other family members as well as for the district nurses themselves. Families could be a resource for the patient both practically and emotionally by e.g. being present and listening. Being open in communication with other family members and district nurses was also considered as a resource. The district nurses considered families as a burden when they were experienced as demanding in various ways, for example, when family members did not act in a way that pleased the district nurses or when family members showed their suffering. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlight some facilitating and constraining beliefs held by district nurses: families can be both a resource and a burden. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is important that district nurses are aware of what beliefs they hold as their beliefs guide their actions towards the families.
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| 3. |
- Benzein, Eva, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish version of Herth Hope Index : an instrument in palliative care
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 409-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version (HHI-S) of the Herth Hope Index (HHI), developed by K. Herth. The HHI-S is a 12-item Likert scale, arranged with scores from 1 to 4, where 1 is 'strongly disagree' and 4 is 'strongly agree'. The HHI-S together with the Miller Hope Scale (TMHS) and Beck's Hopelessness Scale (HS-S) were distributed to 85 adults, 40 patients with cancer in palliative care and 45 family members to patients with cancer in palliative care, recruited from four different in- and out-patient oncology clinics. The result showed an internal consistency alpha coefficient of 0.88 for the HHI-S. Concurrent criterion-related validity was assessed by correlating the HHI-S with the TMHS (r = 0.82) and the discriminant validity was assessed by correlating the HHI-S with the HS-S (r = −0.69). A varimax-rotated principal component factor analysis was performed and identified two factors; reconciliation with life situation and religiosity. Although the instrument shows sound reliability and validity, it should be used with care in clinical palliative care settings, because of linguistic, conceptual and cultural difficulties when transferring the instrument into Swedish. The result demands the work of developing an instrument measuring hope, based in the Swedish culture.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Dementia care nurses experiences of systematic clinical group supervision and supervised individually planned nursing care
- 2000
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In: Journal of Nursing Management. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 8:6, s. 357-368
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimTo reveal 13 nurses' experiences of systematic clinical group supervision and supervised individually planned nursing care, while working with people suffering from severe dementia.BackgroundClinical supervision is a major issue in nursing, however empirical knowledge of the subject is limited. Nurse's narrations about their experiences may extend the knowledge available and serve as a basis for creating models of support systems for nurses in their care provision.MethodsOpen-ended interviews were performed and the text was analysed through content analysis. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the views of the effects of clinical supervision.FindingsTwo main themes were found. Confirmed uniqueness included two sub-themes: confirming the nurses as a person and as a professional and confirming the patient as a unique human being. Consolidated sense of community included three sub-themes: closer relationship between the nurses, changed organization of nursing care and improved individualizing in routines of nursing care. The questionnaire result showed improvements in co-operation and in providing professional nursing care and personal development.ConclusionInterventions to improve working conditions for the nurses and care quality for the patients may well focus the core process, i.e. feedback and support for the nurse–patient interaction and person-orientated nursing care, taking into account the constellation and conditions of the group.
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| 5. |
- Berg, Agneta, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Psychiatric nurses' lived experiences of working with in-patient care on a general team psychiatric ward
- 2000
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In: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; 7:4, s. 323-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To reveal the meaning of being a nurse working with inpatient care on a team psychiatric ward in Sweden, 22 psychiatric nurses were interviewed and the transcribed texts were analysed by means of latent content analysis. Three themes emerged from the analysis: developing a working relationship with the patient in everyday caregiving; encountering and handling the unforseeable in daily living; and struggling with professional independence and dependency. Developing a working relationship with the patient in everyday caregiving meant that the nurse–patient relationship was the foundation of the caregiving and included being with, as well as doing for, and with, the patient. Four different approaches in daily caregiving were revealed: networking, teaching, containing and protecting. The nurses' approaches in the nurse–patient relationship alternated between being an 'expert' and a 'collaborator'. Encountering and handling unforeseeable situations meant that the nurses were exposed to and had to be prepared for unpredictable situations where they were on their own, handling sometimes strong emotional reactions and relying on their own ability to act. Struggling with professional independence and dependency meant that the nurses seemed to lack professional confidence, although they had many responsibilities, but also less authority to decide about overall care planning. Contextual aspects such as organizational hindrance, unsatisfactory work-environment and co-operation difficulties were illuminated. The result indicates the need for a stable and predictable organizational structure if nurses are to manage the demanding nurse–patient relationships that everyday caregiving requires. A question highlighted by this study is whether multidisciplinary team organization has been effectively developed in Sweden, as uncertainty about the roles and responsibilities of nurses was apparent.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Agneta, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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The meaning and significance of clinical group supervision and supervised individually planned nursing care as narrated by nurses' on a general team psychiatric ward
- 2000
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In: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1324-3780 .- 1440-0979. ; 9:3, s. 110-127
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By interviewing 22 psychiatric nurses, the present study aimed to reveal the meaning and significance of systematic clinical group supervision and supervised individually planned nursing care, using latent content analysis. The interpreted meaning was 'confronting the complexity of ongoing life in daily nursing care' and the interpreted significance was 'strengthening the foundation for nursing care'. Reflection on action and confirmation seemed to be core components in the process of clinical supervision. Focusing on the relational and task aspects in nursing care within a group approach may have contributed to the positive experiences of development that occurred.
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| 7. |
- Bergqvist, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Utveckling av ett instrument för vårdtyngdsmätning inom anestesi
- 2003
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In: Vård i Norden. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 23:3, s. 10-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patient classification in anaesthetic care is an undeveloped field and it is therefore urgent to construct an instrument for this purpose. The aim of the study was to develop an instrument to measure anaesthetic nursing care with focus on the unique care needed by every single patient. The Delphi technique was used. The method involved five series of inquiries to a panel of experts, consisting of ten nurses. The instrument developed, included 13 nursing care areas, with predefined alternatives graded from1 to 4, where 4 indicated high workload, and 1 indicated low workload. The instrument was tested in a pilot study and showed agreement with the clinical picture of the patients needs. An initial inter-rater reliability test showed very good agreement for all the nursing care areas. The instrument, however, needs to be tested for validity and reliability in a larger sample.
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| 8. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Living with persistent pain : experiences of older people receiving home care
- 2002
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - OXFORD : BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 40:3, s. 297-306
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although the topic of pain among older people has received increasing interest, little is still known about how pain is experienced or handled by those who no longer manage independently but depend on professionals for help with daily living. Developing pain management for older people requires such knowledge. AIM: To explore sense of self, sense of pain, daily living with pain, sense of others and ways of handling pain in older people with persistent pain. METHODS: Interviews with 90 older people receiving home care from nursing auxiliaries in their own homes or in sheltered accommodation were collected from January to June 2000. A typology of older people in persistent pain was developed. Activities for handling pain were examined using content analysis. FINDINGS: Respondents' experiences of themselves and their pain varied. Two groups of older people, considered as 'competent and proud' and 'confident and serene', expressed satisfaction in spite of pain, while the groups 'misunderstood and disappointed' and 'resigned and sad' expressed dissatisfaction. The most common strategies used were medication, rest, mobility, distracting activities and talking about pain. Respondents chose strategies by balancing the advantages of the activities against the disadvantages these brought for their daily living. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that characteristics of the older people, such as their way of experiencing themselves, how pain affects their daily life and how they perceive effects and side-effects of pain management are areas that need to be identified when staff assess pain and plan pain management. Caring for older people in pain could be improved by listening to and believing their complaints, evaluating effects and side-effects from medications and nonpharmacological pain management and by emphasising the importance of common everyday activities such as mobility and distraction to relieve pain.
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Managing pain in older persons who receive home-help for their daily living : perceptions by older persons and care providers
- 2002
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:3, s. 319-328
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pain is a common problem for older persons who need professional help for their daily living. In this study 94 older persons (75+) in persistent pain were compared with 52 care providers concerning the pain management methods they had used/administered during the previous week and how helpful they perceived these methods to be. Interviews were based on 16 items from the original version of the pain management inventory (PMI). Both groups perceived prescribed medication, rest and distraction as the most frequently utilized methods. Specific methods such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or bracing/splinting or bandaging the affected body part were seldom employed, although most users perceived these methods as helpful. Care providers perceived most methods for managing pain as more effective than older persons did. The results imply that care providers need skills in a variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods to manage pain and a need to evaluate effectiveness of the methods in a systematic way.
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| 10. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-
(author)
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Older people in persistent pain : nursing and paramedical staff perceptions and pain management
- 2003
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 41:6, s. 575-584
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Persistent pain is a common problem for older people. Knowledge about how nursing and paramedical staff perceive these people and what they do to relieve the pain seems scarce. AIM: To explore nursing and paramedical staff perceptions of older people in persistent pain and their day-to-day management of pain. METHODS: Interviews in Swedish with 52 nursing auxiliaries, Registered Nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were collected from February to May 2000. The analysis was based on their stories (n = 150) about older people in persistent pain who received help in their own homes or in special accommodation. A typology of staff perceptions of pain in older people was developed. Activities to manage pain were examined using content analysis. RESULTS: Respondents perceived the pain as real, exaggerated, trivial, care-related, endured, concealed, self-caused or inarticulate. Older people perceived as exaggerating the pain, those with care-related and self-caused pain evoked frustration in the staff, while those perceived as enduring their pain evoked satisfaction. Various strategies to manage pain were used: no activity, medication, mediating contacts, distracting activities, physical therapies, mobility, work in a gentle way, rest or relieving pressure on body part, and communication concerning pain. The activities differed between the types, as well as between staff with different professional backgrounds. CONCLUSION: Care and treatment provided by staff should be based on older people's needs rather than on staff attitudes and preferences. The typology revealed that staff perceived older people in pain as a heterogeneous group and that their perceptions affected the pain-relieving activities that were offered. It seems urgent to address how to handle pain in older people who never complain and those who complain a great deal, as well as how to handle pain in people with impaired communicative ability. Reflective discussions on feelings related to different individuals are needed.
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