| 1. |
- Ponzer, Sari, et al.
(author)
-
Interprofessional training in the context of clinical practice : goals and students' perceptions on clinical education wards
- 2004
-
In: Medical Education. - : Wiley. - 0308-0110 .- 1365-2923. ; 38:7, s. 727-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: This paper describes the context of interprofessional training on clinical education wards (CEWs) and reports students' perceptions of this type of interprofessional and professional training. CONTEXT: A 2-week interprofessional clinical course was designed for medical students in their surgical eighth term, and nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy students, all in their sixth term. Clinical tutors were responsible for the patients and also supervised the students. The goals for the students included: to provide the patients with good medical care, nursing and rehabilitation; to develop their own professional roles; to enhance their level of understanding of the other professions; to stress the importance of good communication for teamwork and for patient care; to enhance understanding of the role of the patient, and to become more aware of ethical aspects of health care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire developed by teachers from the 4 educational departments was used. A total of 962 students responded (78%). RESULTS: The CEWs provided the students with good clinical practice in terms of training in their own professions as well in learning more about the other professions. The importance of good communication for teamwork and for patient care was recognised. The quality of supervision and students' perception of their own professional roles were important factors regarding satisfaction with the CEW course. CONCLUSIONS: The CEW course seemed to provide the students with an opportunity to develop their own professional roles and their functions as team members.
|
|
| 2. |
- Saboonchi, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Perfectionism, anger, somatic health, and positive affect
- 2003
-
In: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 35:7, s. 1585-99
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The associations between perfectionism, anger, somatic health, and positive affect were examined in 184 Swedish adults from a randomly selected population sample. Somewhat unexpectedly, trait anger was found to be associated with self-oriented perfectionism rather than with socially prescribed perfectionism. Both socially prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism showed weak positive correlations with self-reported somatic complaints, particularly symptoms of tension and fatigue, and more clearly in women than in men, whereas other-oriented perfectionism appeared as a predictor of whether the participants were undergoing medical treatment or not. Finally, the results did not support the notion of self-oriented perfectionism representing a positive, adaptive dimension of perfectionism; on the contrary, this dimension was found to be negatively associated with positive affect.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Britta, et al.
(author)
-
Acceptance of disability and sense of coherence in individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- 2003
-
In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 12:5, s. 770-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a relatively rare, inherited connective tissue disorder and skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, chronic joint and limb pain, blood vessel and tissue fragility are frequent symptoms. The aims of this study were to describe the degree to which individuals with EDS accept and cope with perceived limitations related to the syndrome, and to determine the relationships between acceptance of disability (AD), sense of coherence (SOC), functional health status and background data. Four questionnaires were mailed: the AD scale Modified (ADM), the SOC Scale, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and a background form. The respondents with EDS were recruited through the EDS National Association in Sweden and the response rate was 74% (69 females and eight males). The Ethical Committee at Huddinge University Hospital (ref. no. 152/95) approved the study. This study has shown that the level of AD and SOC in individuals with EDS is similar to other patient groups, e.g. individuals with ostomy and with diabetes. Further, the SOC was in concordance with that of the general population. Those working full-time accepted their disability to a greater degree than those on sick leave or disability pension. A multiple regression analysis showed that a greater AD was associated with a higher level of SOC and a better functional health status. The SOC and SIP together accounted for 50% of the variance in the ADM. For health promotion in nursing practice it is important to have insight into the problem areas which may influence the overall life situation for an individual with EDS. A key issue for nurses is to identify individuals with low acceptance of their disease and/or low SOC in order to support these persons' adaptation process. Future research on EDS may be directed towards projects focusing on the development and implementation of models to strengthen the level of AD and SOC in this group.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fossum, Bjöörn, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation of a counseling method for the prevention of child exposure to tobacco smoke : an example of client-centered communication
- 2004
-
In: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 38:3, s. 295-301
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important risk factor. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of the counseling method "Smoke-free children" that focuses on protection of infants. METHODS: The counseling method, "Smoke-free children", has been developed and implemented at Swedish child health centers. The counseling method's point of departure is based upon a client-centered approach. Saliva cotinine samples from the mothers were collected when the child was 1-4 weeks and 3 months of age. Interviews regarding mothers' smoking habits and self-reported maternal smoking were also carried out. RESULTS: Forty-one mothers participated in the study, 26 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group. Cotinine was collected from 22 subjects in the intervention and 8 in the control group. Before the intervention, the mean cotinine level was 185 ng/mL in the intervention group and 245 ng/mL in the control group. After the intervention, cotinine levels were reduced in the intervention group (165 ng/mL) and increased in the control group (346 ng/mL). Yet, after the intervention, the mothers themselves reported more smoking in the intervention group than in the control group. Only weak correlations were found between self-reported smoking and cotinine. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical analysis supports the view that a client-centered intervention, aimed at increasing self-efficacy, exerts a positive effect on maternal smoking in the prevention of infant exposure to ETS, when applied in a routine clinical setting.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fossum, Bjöörn, et al.
(author)
-
How physicians experience patient consultations at an orthopaedic out-patient clinic : a qualitative study
- 2002
-
In: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 47:2, s. 127-35
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to describe physicians' experiences in their encounters with patients by allowing the physicians to observe and comment on their own video-recorded medical consultations. Eighteen orthopaedic surgeons took part in the study; they were informed that we were interested in studying what actually takes place during a consultation, the quality of communication between doctor and patient, and how the physicians themselves experience the consultation. Each time the physician wished to make a comment, the video film was stopped and the comments were taped on audiocassette. The results showed that when the physicians watched the video-recorded consultations they commented spontaneously on issues regarding, among others: (1) how they try to adapt their communication to the patient's situation; (2) the need to explain things to the patient; (3) perceptions of working under unfavourable conditions; (4) difficulties in helping certain patients.
|
|
| 6. |
- Georgsson Öhman, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Does fetal screening affect women's worries about the health of their baby? : a randomized controlled trial of ultrasound screening for Down's syndrome versus routine ultrasound screening
- 2004
-
In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 83:7, s. 634-40
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Screening for fetal abnormality may increase women's anxiety as attention is directed at the possibility of something being wrong with the baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound screening for Down's syndrome on women's anxiety in mid-pregnancy and 2 months after delivery. METHOD: Two thousand and twenty-six women were randomly allocated to an ultrasound examination at 12-14 gestational weeks (gws) including risk assessment for Down's syndrome or to a routine scan at 15-20 gws. Questionnaires including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were filled in at baseline in early pregnancy, at 24 gws and 2 months after delivery. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the trial groups regarding women's worries about the health of the baby, general anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy or 2 months after delivery. Women's worries about something being wrong with the baby in the early ultrasound group and routine group, respectively, decreased from baseline (39.1% versus 36.0%) to mid-pregnancy (29.2% versus 27.8%), and finally to 2 months after delivery (5.2% versus 6.6%). CONCLUSION: Fetal screening for Down's syndrome by an early ultrasound scan did not cause more anxiety or concerns about the health of the baby in mid-pregnancy or 2 months after birth than in women who had a routine scan.
|
|
| 7. |
- Georgsson Öhman, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Women's worries during pregnancy : testing the Cambridge Worry Scale on 200 Swedish women
- 2003
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:2, s. 148-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS) is an instrument including 16 items measuring women's major worries during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to test the scale, translated into Swedish, on pregnant women in Stockholm. We also wanted to explore whether these women were worried about any item not included in the scale. An additional aim was to study possible variation in women's worries related to gestational week. Two hundred women were recruited. The average age was 31 years and 56% were primiparas. Gestational age ranged from 8 to 42 weeks, with a median of 28 weeks. The reliability of the scale was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.81). The major worries were about the baby's health, giving birth and miscarriage. These items, all related to pregnancy outcomes, were followed by worries about financial matters. An additional concern not included in the scale was about the maternity services in Stockholm, i.e. that the hospital would be overbooked, the staff being too busy or the medical safety not being guaranteed. Few women worried about their relationship with their partner or if he would be present at birth. Some of the items showed a pattern with a period of less worry in midpregnancy.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K., et al.
(author)
-
Life satisfaction among the very old : a survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years or above
- 2001
-
In: The International Journal of Aging & Human Development. - 0091-4150 .- 1541-3535. ; 52:1, s. 71-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to measure life satisfaction and the factors believed to influence it. The study involved 105 very old people, ninety years and above, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm, Sweden. In order to assess life satisfaction, the Life Satisfaction Index-B (LSI-B) and Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z) were used. Information about life events, activities, personality and social contacts were collected in order to determine their relative influence on life satisfaction. Factors associated with life satisfaction were also investigated in a content analysis to find out what the elderly themselves believe gives them life satisfaction. Results showedthat health and an emotionally stable personality were, independently of other factors, the most important factors for life satisfaction among the very old.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Fossum, Bjöörn, et al.
(author)
-
Patient-centred communication : videotaped consultations
- 2004
-
In: Patient Education and Counseling. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 54:2, s. 163-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse the way in which orthopaedic physicians manage consultations, and to identify those factors associated with patient-experienced satisfaction/dissatisfaction. This was explored both using a descriptive method and by analysing comments from patients. Consultations were videotaped; 18 physicians and 18 patients participated. Approximately 1 week after the consultation, the patient was shown the video recording and asked for his/her points of view and spontaneous reactions. Each time, the patient wished to say something, the video was stopped and the comments recorded. According to the patients' comments of the videotaped consultations four consultations were mainly positive, seven negative and seven neither completely positive nor completely negative. We analysed the positive and negative consultations using the Consultation Map (CM) method. The pattern in the positive consultations shows a greater flexibility. Statements regarding initial history and aetiology often move to and fro between other items, and the consultation as a whole was often characterised by this rapid change between items. The pattern in the negative consultations seems to indicate a slower motion; with longer time spent with few items and fewer items covered. The positive consultations were characterised by a greater prevalence of the items 'Sharing Understanding' and 'Involving the Patient in Management'. On the other hand, the negative consultations were characterised by more time spent with the items 'History of problems', and 'Patient Ideas'. This might be due to the patient having tried to express him/herself in order to present his/her views but the physician not following them up. In this study, the CM has been helpful in clarifying the difference between encounters experienced as satisfactory or dissatisfactory.
|
|
