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- Engström, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Numerical methods for homogenization of Maxwell's equations
- 2004
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In: URSI 2004 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory. - : Pisa University Press. - 8884922526 - 9788884922526 ; , s. 987-989
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When the wavelength is much larger than the typical scale of the microstructure in a material, it is possible to define effective or homogenized material coefficients. Two numerical methods for the determination of the homogenized coefficients are compared. Numerical examples, where extreme properties of the effective material are achieved in the two dimensional case, are presented.
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- Wolf, Annett, et al.
(author)
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Storm damage and long-term mortality in a semi-natural, temperate deciduous forest
- 2004
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 188:1-3, s. 197-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1.Wind-damaged trees, following the severe storm of 1999, are compared with data from a 50-year monitoring of Draved Forest, Denmark, to assess differing causes of mortality through time in an unmanaged semi-natural forest. Species-specific mortality characteristics and the changing effects of tree size and growth rate (diameter increment) on mortality through time are also investigated.2.Storm was found to be the major mortality factor affecting large trees in this forest. For smaller trees, competition was an important cause of death, as trees that were found standing dead had a slower growth rate (diameter increment) than survivors.3.Individual species showed different mortality patterns. Betula died more often and Fagus less often than expected from their abundance. Betula, Fagus and Tilia were mainly wind-thrown, whereas for Alnus and Fraxinus, 50% of the mortality was observed as standing dead trees.4.Both wind and competition are important mortality factors in Draved Forest.
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- Andersson, Staffan, 1969-
(author)
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Corruption in Sweden : Exploring Danger Zones and Change.
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this dissertation I study corruption in the public sector in Sweden, a country which the literature regards as having few corruption problems. Sweden is therefore classified as a “least corrupt” case, and such countries are seldom studied in corruption research. My work is thus an effort to fill a gap in the literature. This research is also motivated by a conviction that such a case provides a fertile ground for studying danger zones for corruption. For example, this work allows me to explore how institutional and contextual changes impact on corruption and danger zones. Though the main focus of this work is on Sweden, I also have comparative ambitions. First, I locate Sweden in a cross-national context. I then study corruption in Sweden using a comparative methodology and with an eye to international comparisons. I apply a combined theoretical approach and a multi-method investigation based on several empirical sources and both quantitative and qualitative techniques. This research strategy enables me to capture a phenomenon (corruption) that is more difficult to identify in countries with relatively few obvious corruption scandals than it is in countries in which the phenomenon has traditionally been studied. Regarding danger zones for corruption, the results show that some of the zones identified in the international literature, such as public procurement, are also important in Sweden. For the Swedish case, my empirical research also identifies the types of corruption that occur, perceptions of danger zones and corruption, how corruption changes over time, and how corruption is fought. With regard to the latter, one conclusion is that ingrained (male) sub-cultures can be problematic and may need to be opened up using a combination of measures like promoting a more heterogeneous group of politicians, creating more transparent proceedings in decision groups and conducting more effective audits. The research also highlights the importance of adapting control measures to existing structures of delegation. For example, if delegation arrangements are changed to improve efficiency and cut costs, new accountability measures may be necessary. In general, delegation and control structures should be structured in such a way as to make the cost of shirking quite high. Finally, based on the results of this multi-method investigation, I conclude that one avenue for further corruption research is to connect our knowledge of danger zones to what we know about mechanisms effecting corrupt behaviour, and then to apply this to discussions of new models of the politics of management in multi-level governance.
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- Dopson, Mark, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of Ferroplasma isolates and Ferroplasma acidarmanus sp. nov., extreme acidophiles from acid mine drainage and industrial bioleaching environments.
- 2004
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In: Appl Environ Microbiol. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 70:4, s. 2079-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three recently isolated extremely acidophilic archaeal strains have been shown to be phylogenetically similar to Ferroplasma acidiphilum Y(T) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All four Ferroplasma isolates were capable of growing chemoorganotrophically on yeast extract or a range of sugars and chemomixotrophically on ferrous iron and yeast extract or sugars, and isolate "Ferroplasma acidarmanus" Fer1(T) required much higher levels of organic carbon. All four isolates were facultative anaerobes, coupling chemoorganotrophic growth on yeast extract to the reduction of ferric iron. The temperature optima for the four isolates were between 35 and 42 degrees C and the pH optima were 1.0 to 1.7, and "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) was capable of growing at pH 0. The optimum yeast extract concentration for "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) was higher than that for the other three isolates. Phenotypic results suggested that isolate "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) is of a different species than the other three strains, and 16S rRNA sequence data, DNA-DNA similarity values, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles clearly showed that strains DR1, MT17, and Y(T) group as a single species. "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) groups separately, and we propose the new species "F. acidarmanus" Fer1(T) sp. nov.
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